Overview

The human gut is a very complex system that affects many areas of health. For the gut to work normally, there must be coordination between the immune system, nervous system, and multiple different cell types that line the gut and help it to process and absorb food while fighting infections. The gut also carries a huge number of microbes that play important roles in maintaining its functions. My work focuses on the way that the intestinal immune system functions to fight infections while maintaining normal relationships with the "good" bacteria that normally live in the gut.

Publications

Clostridioides difficile PCR Tcdb Cycle Threshold predicts toxin EIA positivity but not severity of infection
Anaerobe
Regan Mah and Kerstin Locher and Theodore S. Steiner and Aleksandra Stefanovic
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102755
08/2023

An in vitro chronic damage model impairs inflammatory and regenerative responses in human colonoid monolayers
Cell Reports
William D. Rees and Nikita Telkar and David T.S. Lin and May Q. Wong and Chad Poloni and Ayda Fathi and Michael Kobor and Nicholas C. Zachos and Theodore S. Steiner
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110283
01/2022

Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3-beta (GSK3ß) blocks nucleocapsid phosphorylation and SARS-CoV-2 replication
Molecular Biomedicine
Shapira, T. and Vimalanathan, S. and Rens, C. and Pichler, V. and Pe{\~n}a-D{\'i}az, S. and Jordana, G. and Rees, W. and Winkler, D.F.H. and Sarai, I. and Steiner, T. and Jean, F. and Pelech, S. and Av-Gay, Y.
DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00111-1
2022

Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3-beta (GSK3ß) blocks nucleocapsid phosphorylation and SARS-CoV-2 replication
ResearchSquare
Shapira, T. and Rens, C. and Pichler, V. and Rees, W. and Steiner, T. and Jean, F. and Winkler, D. and Sarai, I. and Pelech, S. and Av-Gay, Y.
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1197371
2022

Phage display of environmental protein toxins and virulence factors reveals the prevalence, persistence, and genetics of antibody responses
Immunity
Angkeow, J.W. and Monaco, D.R. and Chen, A. and Venkataraman, T. and Jayaraman, S. and Valencia, C. and Sie, B.M. and Liechti, T. and Farhadi, P.N. and Funez-dePagnier, G. and Sherman-Baust, C.A. and Wong, M.Q. and Ruczinski, I. and Caturegli, P. and Sears, C.L. and Simner, P.J. and Round, J.L. and Duggal, P. and Laserson, U. and Steiner, T.S. and Sen, R. and Lloyd, T.E. and Roederer, M. and Mammen, A.L. and Longman, R.S. and Rider, L.G. and Larman, H.B.
DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.05.002
2022

A¿ TMPRSS2 inhibitor acts as a pan-SARS-CoV-2 prophylactic and therapeutic
Nature
Shapira, T. and Monreal, I.A. and Dion, S.P. and Buchholz, D.W. and Imbiakha, B. and Olmstead, A.D. and Jager, M. and D{\'e}silets, A. and Gao, G. and Martins, M. and Vandal, T. and Thompson, C.A.H. and Chin, A. and Rees, W.D. and Steiner, T. and Nabi, I.R. and Marsault, E. and Sahler, J. and Diel, D.G. and Van de Walle, G.R. and August, A. and Whittaker, G.R. and Boudreault, P.-L. and Leduc, R. and Aguilar, H.C. and Jean, F.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04661-w
2022

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection Enhances Adaptive Immunity to C difficile Toxin B
Gastroenterology
Laura Cook and William D. Rees and May Q. Wong and Hannah Peters and Megan K. Levings and Theodore S. Steiner
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.01.009
05/2021

Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection Is Associated With Impaired T Helper Type 17 Immunity to C difficile Toxin B
Gastroenterology
Laura Cook and William D. Rees and May Q. Wong and William W. Kwok and Megan K. Levings and Theodore S. Steiner
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.11.043
03/2021

Sarilumab in patients admitted to hospital with severe or critical COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
The Lancet Respiratory Medicine
Lescure, F.-X. and Honda, H. and Fowler, R.A. and Lazar, J.S. and Shi, G. and Wung, P. and Patel, N. and Hagino, O. and Bazzalo, I.J. and Casas, M.M. and Nu{\~n}ez, S.A. and Pere, Y. and Ibarrola, C.M. and Solis Aramayo, M.A. and Cuesta, M.C. and Duarte, A.E. and Gutierrez Fernandez, P.M. and Iannantuono, M.A. and Miyazaki, E.A. and Silvio, J.P. and Scublinsky, D.G. and Bales, A. and Catarino, D. and Fiss, E. and Mohrbacher, S. and Sato, V. and Baylao, A. and Cavalcante, A. and Correa, F. and de Andrade, C.A. and Furtado, J. and Ribeiro Filho, N. and Telles, V. and Trevelin, L.T. and Vipich, R. and Boldo, R. and Borges, P. and Lobo, S. and Luckemeyer, G. and Machado, L. and Alves, M.B. and Iglessias, A.C. and Lago, M.M. and Santos, D.W. and Chapdelaine, H. and Falcone, E.L. and Jamal, R. and Luong, M.-L. and Durand, M. and Doucet, S. and Carrier, F.-M. and Coburn, B.A. and Del Sorbo, L. and Walmsley, S.L. and Belga, S. and Chen, L.Y. and Mah, A.D. and Steiner, T. and Wright, A.J. and Hajek, J. and Adhikari, N. and Fowler, R.A. and Daneman, N. and Khwaja, K.A. and Shahin, J. and Gonzalez, C. and Silva, R. and Lindh, M. and Maluenda, G. and Fernandez, P. and Oyonarte, M. and Lasso, M. and Boyer, A. and Bronnimann, D. and Bui, H.-N. and Cazanave, C. and Chaussade, H. and Desclaux, A. and Ducours, M. and Duvignaud, A. and Malvy, D. and Martin, L. and Neau, D. and Nguyen, D. and Pistone, T. and Soubrane-Wirth, G. and Leitao, J. and Allavena, C. and Biron, C. and Bouchez, S. and Gaborit, B. and Gregoire, A. and Le Turnier, P. and Lecompte, A.-S. and Lecomte, R. and Lefebvre, M. and Raffi, F. and Boutoille, D. and Morineau, P.H. and Gu{\'e}ry, R. and Chatelus, E. and Dumoussaud, N. and Felten, R. and Luca, F. and Goichot, B. and Schneider, F. and Taquet, M.-C. and Groh, M. and Roumier, M. and Neuville, M. and Bachelard, A. and Isernia, V. and Lescure, F.-X. and Phung, B.-C. and Rachline, A. and Sautereau, A. and Vallois, D. and Bleher, Y. and Boucher, D. and Coudon, C. and Esnault, J. and Guimard, T. and Leautez-Nainville, S. and Merrien, D. and Morrier, M. and Motte-Vincent, P. and Gabeff, R. and Leclerc, H. and Cozic, C. and Decours, R. and F{\'e}vrier, R. and Colin, G. and Abgrall, S. and Vignes, D. and Sterpu, R. and Kuellmar, M. and Meersch-Dini, M. and Weiss, R. and Zarbock, A. and Antony, C. and Berger, M. and Brenner, T. and Taube, C. and Herbstreit, F. and Dolff, S. and Konik, M. and Schmidt, K. and Zettler, M. and Witzke, O. and Boell, B. and Garcia Borrega, J. and Koehler, P. and Zander, T. and Dusse, F. and Al-Sawaf, O. and K{\"o}hler, P. and Eichenauer, D. and Kochanek, M. and Shimabukuro-Vornhagen, A. and Mellinghoff, S. and Cla{\ss}en, A. and Heger, J.-M. and Meyer-Schwickerath, C. and Liedgens, P. and Heindel, K. and Belkin, A. and Biber, A. and Gilboa, M. and Levy, I. and Litachevsky, V. and Rahav, G. and Finesod Wiedner, A. and Zilberman-Daniels, T. and Oster, Y. and Strahilevitz, J. and Sviri, S. and Baldissera, E.M. and Campochiaro, C. and Cavalli, G. and Dagna, L. and De Luca, G. and Della Torre, E. and Tomelleri, A. and Bernasconi De Luca, D. and Capetti, A.F. and Coen, M. and Cossu, M.V. and Galli, M. and Giacomelli, A. and Gubertini, G.A. and Rusconi, S. and Burastero, G.J. and Digaetano, M. and Guaraldi, G. and Meschiari, M. and Mussini, C. and Puzzolante, C. and Volpi, S. and Aiello, M. and Ariani, A. and Chetta, A.A. and Frizzelli, A. and Ticinesi, A. and Tuttolomondo, D. and Aliberti, S. and Blasi, F.B. and Di Pasquale, M.F. and Misuraca, S. and Pilocane, T. and Simonetta, E. and Aghelmo, A.M. and Angelini, C. and Brunetta, E. and Canonica, G.W. and Ciccarelli, M. and Dal Farra, S. and De Santis, M. and Ferri, S. and Folci, M. and Guidelli, G.M. and Heffler, E.M. and Loiacono, F. and Malipiero, G. and Paoletti, G. and Pedale, R. and Puggioni, F.A. and Racca, F. and Zumbo, A. and Satou, M. and Lisun, T. and Protsenko, D. and Rubtsov, N. and Beloglazova, I. and Fomina, D. and Lysenko, M. and Serdotetskova, S. and Firstov, V. and Gordeev, I. and Kokorin, I. and Komissarova, K. and Lapochkina, N. and Luchinkina, E. and Malimon, V. and Mamedguseyinova, S. and Polubatonova, K. and Suvorova, N. and Arribas, J. and Borobia Perez, A.M. and de la Calle Prieto, F. and Figueira, J.C. and Motejano Sanchez, R. and Mora-Rillo, M. and Prados Sanchez, C. and Queiruga Parada, J. and Fernandez Arnalich, F. and Guerro Barrientos, M. and Bendala Estrada, A. and Caballero Marcos, A. and Garcia Leoni, M.E. and Garc{\'i}a-Mart{\'i}nez, R. and Collado, A.M. and Munoz Garcia, P. and Torres do Rego, A. and Villalba Garc{\'i}a, M.V. and Burrillo, A. and Valerio Minero, M. and Gijon Vidaurreta, P. and Infante Herrero, S. and Velilla, E. and Machado, M. and Olmedo, M. and Pinilla, B. and Almirante Gragera, B. and Ca{\~n}as Ruano, M.D.L.E. and Contreras Medina, S. and Cort{\'e}s Herrera, A. and Falc{\'o} Ferrer, V. and Ferrer Roca, R. and Nuvials Casals, X. and Ribera Pascuet, E. and Suanzes Diez, P. and Rebollo Castro, P. and Garcia Alcaide, F. and Soriano, A. and Oliver Caldes, A. and Gonz{\'a}lez Cord{\'o}n, A. and Cardozo, C. and De la Mora Ca{\~n}izo, L. and Pena L{\'o}pez, R. and Chamorro, S. and Crespillo-Andujar, C. and Escudero Sanchez, R. and Fort{\'u}n-Abete, J. and Monge-Maillo, B. and Moreno Zamora, A. and Norman, F. and Sanchez Conde, M. and Serrano Villar, S. and Vizcarra, P.
DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00099-0
2021

A novel highly potent inhibitor of TMPRSS2-like proteases blocks SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and is broadly protective against infection and mortality in mice
bioRxiv
Shapira, T. and Monreal, I.A. and Dion, S.P. and Jager, M. and D{\'e}silets, A. and Olmstead, A.D. and Vandal, T. and Buchholz, D.W. and Imbiakha, B. and Gao, G. and Chin, A. and Rees, W.D. and Steiner, T. and Nabi, I.R. and Marsault, E. and Sahler, J. and August, A. and van de Walle, G. and Whittaker, G.R. and Boudreault, P.-L. and Aguilar, H.C. and Leduc, R. and Jean, F.
DOI: 10.1101/2021.05.03.442520
2021

A method for expansion and retroviral transduction of mouse regulatory T cells
Journal of Immunological Methods
Wu, D. and Wong, M.Q. and Vent-Schmidt, J. and Boardman, D.A. and Steiner, T.S. and Levings, M.K.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112931
2021

Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a Clostridioides difficile toxoid vaccine candidate: a phase 3 multicentre, observer-blind, randomised, controlled trial
The Lancet Infectious Diseases
de Bruyn, G. and Gordon, D.L. and Steiner, T. and Tambyah, P. and Cosgrove, C. and Martens, M. and Bassily, E. and Chan, E.-S. and Patel, D. and Chen, J. and Torre-Cisneros, J. and Fernando De Magalh{\~a}es Francesconi, C. and Gesser, R. and Jeanfreau, R. and Launay, O. and Laot, T. and Morfin-Otero, R. and Oviedo-Orta, E. and Park, Y.S. and Piazza, F.M. and Rehm, C. and Rivas, E. and Self, S. and Gurunathan, S.
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30331-5
2021

Prevalence, persistence, and genetics of antibody responses to protein toxins and virulence factors
bioRxiv
Angkeow, J.W. and Monaco, D.R. and Chen, A. and Venkataraman, T. and Jayaraman, S. and Valencia, C. and Sie, B.M. and Liechti, T. and Farhadi, P.N. and Funez-DePagnier, G. and Sherman-Baust, C.A. and Wong, M.Q. and Sears, C.L. and Simner, P.J. and Round, J.L. and Duggal, P. and Laserson, U. and Steiner, T.S. and Sen, R. and Lloyd, T.E. and Roederer, M. and Mammen, A.L. and Longman, R.S. and Rider, L.G. and Larman, H.B.
DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.01.462481
2021

Regenerative Intestinal Stem Cells Induced by Acute and Chronic Injury: The Saving Grace of the Epithelium?
Frontiers in cell and developmental biology
Rees WD and Tandun R and Yau E and Zachos NC and Steiner TS
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.583919
PubMed: 33282867
11/2020

Enteroids Derived From Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Display Dysregulated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathways, Leading to Differential Inflammatory Responses and Dendritic Cell Maturation
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis
William D Rees and Martin Stahl and Kevan Jacobson and Brian Bressler and Laura M Sly and Bruce A Vallance and Theodore S Steiner
DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz194
07/2020

Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Infects and Replicates within Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells.
Microorganisms
Rees WD and Lorenzo-Leal AC and Steiner TS and Bach H
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8070994
PubMed: 32635236
07/2020

How do immune and mesenchymal cells influence the intestinal epithelial cell compartment in inflammatory bowel disease? Let’s crosstalk about it!
Journal of Leukocyte Biology
William D Rees and Laura M Sly and Theodore S Steiner
DOI: 10.1002/JLB.3MIR0120-567R
07/2020

Analysis of Flagellin-Specific Adaptive Immunity Reveals Links to Dysbiosis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Cook, L. and Lisko, D.J. and Wong, M.Q. and Garcia, R.V. and Himmel, M.E. and Seidman, E.G. and Bressler, B. and Levings, M.K. and Steiner, T.S.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.11.012
2020

Patient experiences with clostridioides difficile infection: Results of a Canada-wide survey
Patient Preference and Adherence
Vent-Schmidt, J. and Attara, G.P. and Lisko, D. and Steiner, T.S.
DOI: 10.2147/PPA.S229539
2020

Enteroids derived from inflammatory bowel disease patients display dysregulated endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways, leading to differential inflammatory responses and dendritic cell maturation
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis
Rees, W.D. and Stahl, M. and Jacobson, K. and Bressler, B. and Sly, L.M. and Vallance, B.A. and Steiner, T.S.
DOI: 10.1093/ECCO-JCC/JJZ194
2020

Impaired Th17 immunity in recurrent C. difficile infection is ameliorated by fecal microbial transplantation
medRxiv
Cook, L. and Rees, W.D. and Wong, M.Q. and Wang, X. and Peters, H. and Oliveira, L. and Lau, T. and Mah, R. and Bressler, B. and Gomez, R. and Chow, I.-T. and James, E.A. and Kwok, W.W. and Levings, M.K. and Steiner, T.S.
DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.05.20114876
2020

Patients' Willingness and Perspectives Toward Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Regulatory Cell Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Crohn's and Colitis 360
Vent-Schmidt, J. and Goldsmith, L.J. and Steiner, T.S.
DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otaa085
2020

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p110d drives intestinal fibrosis in SHIP deficiency.
Mucosal immunology
Lo Y and Sauve JP and Menzies SC and Steiner TS and Sly LM
DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0191-z
PubMed: 31358861
07/2019

Whole blood human transcriptome and virome analysis of ME/CFS patients experiencing post-exertional malaise following cardiopulmonary exercise testing
PLoS ONE
Bouquet, J. and Li, T. and Gardy, J.L. and Kang, X. and Stevens, S. and Stevens, J. and VanNess, M. and Snell, C. and Potts, J. and Miller, R.R. and Morshed, M. and McCabe, M. and Parker, S. and Uyaguari, M. and Tang, P. and Steiner, T. and Chan, W.-S. and De Souza, A.-M. and Mattman, A. and Patrick, D.M. and Chiu, C.Y.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212193
2019

Suppressive and Gut-Reparative Functions of Human Type 1 T Regulatory Cells
Gastroenterology
Cook, L. and Stahl, M. and Han, X. and Nazli, A. and MacDonald, K.N. and Wong, M.Q. and Tsai, K. and Dizzell, S. and Jacobson, K. and Bressler, B. and Kaushic, C. and Vallance, B.A. and Steiner, T.S. and Levings, M.K.
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.09.002
2019

Case Report: Ivermectin and Albendazole Plasma Concentrations in a Patient with Disseminated Strongyloidiasis on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Carl Boodman and Michael Libman and Marthe Charles and Yashpal S. Chhonker and Theodore Steiner and Cesilia Nishi and Allison Mah and Daryl J. Murry and Jennifer Grant
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0487
11/2018

Adaptive immune response to Clostridium difficile infection: A perspective for prevention and therapy
European Journal of Immunology
William D. Rees and Theodore S. Steiner
DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747295
03/2018

Associations of DC-SIGN (CD209) promoter -336G/A polymorphism (rs4804803) with dengue infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Acta tropica
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.10.017
PubMed: 29054571
01/2018

Association of medical microbiology and infectious disease canada treatment practice guidelines for clostridium difficile infection
JAMMI
Loo, V.G. and Davis, I. and Embil, J. and Evans, G.A. and Hota, S. and Lee, C. and Lee, T.C. and Longtin, Y. and Louie, T. and Moayyedi, P. and Poutanen, S. and Simor, A.E. and Steiner, T. and Thampi, N. and Valiquette, L.
DOI: 10.3138/jammi.2018.02.13
2018

2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Infectious Diarrhea.
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Shane AL and Mody RK and Crump JA and Tarr PI and Steiner TS and Kotloff K and Langley JM and Wanke C and Warren CA and Cheng AC and Cantey J and Pickering LK
DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix959
PubMed: 29194529
11/2017

2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Infectious Diarrhea.
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix669
PubMed: 29053792
10/2017

Associations of tumor necrosis factor-a-308 polymorphism with dengue infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Acta tropica
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.05.007
PubMed: 28495402
09/2017

RNA-Seq Analysis of Gene Expression, Viral Pathogen, and B-Cell/T-Cell Receptor Signatures in Complex Chronic Disease.
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw767
PubMed: 28172519
02/2017

Bezlotoxumab for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection.
The New England journal of medicine
DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1602615
PubMed: 28121498
01/2017

CD4+ T Cells Specific for C. difficile Toxins are a Marker of Patients with Active Relapsing Disease.
Open forum infectious diseases
2017

Fecal microbiota transplantation for the intestinal decolonization of extensively antimicrobial-resistant opportunistic pathogens: a review
Infectious Diseases
Amee R. Manges and Theodore S. Steiner and Alissa J. Wright
DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2016.1177199
05/2016

New Insights Into Shiga ToxigenicEscherichia coliPathogenesis: When Less Is More
Journal of Infectious Diseases
Theodore S. Steiner
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv558
01/2016

Frozen vs Fresh Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and Clinical Resolution of Diarrhea in Patients With Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
JAMA
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2015.18098
PubMed: 26757463
01/2016

Metagenomic Investigation of Plasma in Individuals with ME/CFS Highlights the Importance of Technical Controls to Elucidate Contamination and Batch Effects.
PLoS ONE
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165691
PubMed: 27806082
2016

Diagnosis and management of foodborne infectious diseases
Food Microbiology: In Human Health and Disease
Steiner, T.
2016

Infections due to Escherichia coli and Other Enteric Gram-Negative Bacilli
Scientific American Medicine
2016

Antimicrobial Resistance in Enteric Gram-Negative Organisms
Scientific American Medicine
2016

Evaluation of a Clostridium difficile infection management policy with clinical pharmacy and medical microbiology involvement at a major Canadian teaching hospital.
Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12329
PubMed: 26547905
12/2015

Lyme Disease Diagnosed by Alternative Methods: A Phenotype Similar to That of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ470
PubMed: 26082507
10/2015

CLINICAL PROBLEM-SOLVING. A Surprising Cause of Chronic Cough.
The New England journal of medicine
DOI: 10.1056/nejmcps1303787
PubMed: 26244310
08/2015

Tr1 Cells, but Not Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells, Suppress NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation via an IL-10-Dependent Mechanism.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403225
PubMed: 26056255
07/2015

Longitudinal clinical findings and outcome among patients with Cryptococcus gattii infection in British Columbia.
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ041
PubMed: 25632012
05/2015

Diagnosis and Management of Foodborne Infectious Diseases
Food Microbiology
Ted Steiner
DOI: 10.1201/b19874-8
2015

Submaximal exercise testing with near-infrared spectroscopy in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome patients compared to healthy controls: A case-control study
Journal of Translational Medicine
Miller, R.R. and Reid and Mattman, A. and Yamabayashi, C. and Steiner, T. and Parker, S. and Gardy, J. and Tang, P. and Patrick, D.M.
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0527-8
2015

A surprising cause of chronic cough
New England Journal of Medicine
Damaraju, D. and Steiner, T. and Wade, J. and Gin, K. and Fitz Gerald, J.M.
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcps1303787
2015

Mediators of Inflammation: Inflammation in Cancer, Chronic Diseases, and Wound Healing
Mediators of Inflammation
Du, C. and Bhatia, M. and Tang, S.C.W. and Zhang, M. and Steiner, T.
DOI: 10.1155/2015/570653
2015

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentration may not be depressed in chronic fatigue syndrome
Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health and Behavior
Patrick, D.M. and Miller, R.R. and Steiner, T. and Gardy, J.L. and Parker, S.M. and Tang, P.
DOI: 10.1080/21641846.2015.1024004
2015

The worst of both worlds: examining the hypervirulence of the shigatoxigenic/enteroaggregative Escherichia coli O104:H4.
The Journal of infectious diseases
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu400
PubMed: 25038259
12/2014

Meta-analysis in microbiology
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology
H Jarjanazi and TS Steiner and N Pabalan
DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.136547
2014

Treating Foodborne Illness
Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
Theodore Steiner
DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2013.05.006
09/2013

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli and acute diarrhea in children: a meta-analysis of South Asian populations.
European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-012-1779-3
PubMed: 23179250
05/2013

Helios+ and Helios- cells coexist within the natural FOXP3+ T regulatory cell subset in humans.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201379
PubMed: 23359504
03/2013

Pulmonary mucormycosis in a patient with crohn disease on immunosuppressive medications including infliximab
Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology
Wright, A.J. and Steiner, T. and Bilawich, A.M. and English, J.C. and Frank Ryan, C.
DOI: 10.1155/2013/363250
2013

A Non-Synonymous Coding Variant (L616F) in the TLR5 Gene Is Potentially Associated with Crohn's Disease and Influences Responses to Bacterial Flagellin
PLoS ONE
Sheridan, J. and Mack, D.R. and Amre, D.K. and Israel, D.M. and Cherkasov, A. and Li, H. and Grimard, G. and Steiner, T.S.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061326
2013

ATP conditions intestinal epithelial cells to an inflammatory state that promotes components of DC maturation
European Journal of Immunology
Yu Yao and Megan K. Levings and Theodore S. Steiner
DOI: 10.1002/eji.201142213
10/2012

Regulatory T-cell therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: more questions than answers.
Immunology
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2012.03572.x
PubMed: 22348589
06/2012

Toll-like receptor 5 deficiency protects from wasting disease in a T cell transfer colitis model in T cell receptor-ß-deficient mice.
Inflammatory bowel diseases
DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21738
PubMed: 22038840
01/2012

Escherichia Coli Enteric Infections
Goldman's Cecil Medicine
Theodore S. Steiner and Richard L. Guerrant
DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-1604-7.00312-2
2012

Escherichia Coli Enteric Infections
Goldman's Cecil Medicine: Twenty Fourth Edition
Steiner, T.S. and Guerrant, R.L.
DOI: 10.1016/B978-1-4377-1604-7.00312-2
2012

Environmental influences on T regulatory cells in inflammatory bowel disease
Seminars in Immunology
Gijs Hardenberg and Theodore S. Steiner and Megan K. Levings
DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2011.01.012
04/2011

Human CD4+ FOXP3+ regulatory T cells produce CXCL8 and recruit neutrophils.
European journal of immunology
DOI: 10.1002/eji.201040459
PubMed: 21268001
02/2011

The stress signal extracellular ATP modulates antiflagellin immune responses in intestinal epithelial cells.
Inflammatory bowel diseases
DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21428
PubMed: 20722064
01/2011

Enteric Escherichia Coli Infections
Tropical Infectious Diseases
Steiner, T.S. and Thielman, N.M. and Guerrant, R.L.
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-7020-3935-5.00015-X
2011

Endoplasmic reticulum stress modulates TLR responses in intestinal epithelial cells
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Theodore Steiner and Jiyoung Hwang and David Shin and Yu Yao
DOI: 10.1097/00054725-201112002-00269
2011

Enteric Escherichia coli Infections
Tropical Infectious Diseases: Principles, Pathogens and Practice
Theodore S. Steiner and Nathan M. Thielman and Richard L. Guerrant
DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-3935-5.00015-x
2011

Oxidative stress enhances IL-8 and inhibits CCL20 production from intestinal epithelial cells in response to bacterial flagellin.
American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology
DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00089.2010
PubMed: 20595617
09/2010

TLR5 is not required for flagellin-mediated exacerbation of DSS colitis.
Inflammatory bowel diseases
DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21097
PubMed: 19774646
03/2010

The single IgG IL-1-related receptor controls TLR responses in differentiated human intestinal epithelial cells.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900021
PubMed: 20130217
03/2010

Autoactivation of the AggR regulator of enteroaggregativeEscherichia coli in vitroandin vivo
FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology
Nicholas Morin and Chelsea Tirling and Sabine M. Ivison and Ajinder Pal Kaur and James P. Nataro and Theodore S. Steiner
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2010.00645.x
01/2010

Principles and Syndromes of Enteric Infection
Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases
THEODORE S. STEINER and RICHARD L. GUERRANT
DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-443-06839-3.00093-x
2010

Protein kinase D1 and D2 are involved in chemokine release induced by toll-like receptors 2, 4, and 5
Cellular Immunology
Steiner, T.S. and Ivison, S.M. and Yao, Y. and Kifayet, A.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2010.05.012
2010

Autoactivation of the AggR regulator of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in vitro and in vivo
FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology
Morin, N. and Tirling, C. and Ivison, S.M. and Kaur, A.P. and Nataro, J.P. and Steiner, T.S.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2009.00645.x
2010

The p110a and p110ß isoforms of class i phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase are involved in toll-like receptor 5 signaling in epithelial cells
Mediators of Inflammation
Ivison, S.M. and Khan, M.A.S. and Graham, N.R. and Shobab, L.A. and Yao, Y. and Kifayet, A. and Sly, L.M. and Steiner, T.S.
DOI: 10.1155/2010/652098
2010

Dexamethasone inCryptococcus gattiiCentral Nervous System Infection
Clinical Infectious Diseases
Peter Phillips and Kristine Chapman and Madeleine Sharp and Phil Harrison and Jerry Vortel and Theodore Steiner and William Bowie
DOI: 10.1086/603554
08/2009

Spread of Cryptococcus gattii into Pacific Northwest region of the United States.
Emerging infectious diseases
DOI: 10.3201/eid1508.081384
PubMed: 19757550
08/2009

T1711 ATP Augments Intestinal Epithelial Inflammatory Responses to Flagellin
Gastroenterology
Sabine M. Ivison and Megan HImmel and Jonathan Delano and Nancy Y. Yao and Theodore S. Steiner
DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(09)62592-0
05/2009

S1654 Intrarectal ATP Increases the Severity of DSS Colitis and Augments Anti-Flagellin Antibody Production
Gastroenterology
Sabine M. Ivison and Matthew Mayer and Theodore S. Steiner
DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(09)61100-8
05/2009

Anti-flagellin antibodies in irritable bowel syndrome: another attack on our commensals?
Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2008.01199.x
PubMed: 18826558
10/2008

The role of T-regulatory cells and Toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of human inflammatory bowel disease.
Immunology
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02939.x
PubMed: 18798918
10/2008

Flagellin-dependent and -independent inflammatory responses following infection by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Citrobacter rodentium.
Infection and immunity
DOI: 10.1128/iai.01141-07
PubMed: 18227166
04/2008

Flagellin-dependent and -independent inflammatory responses following infection by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Citrobacter rodentium
Infection and Immunity
Khan, M.A. and Bouzari, S. and Ma, C. and Rosenberger, C.M. and Bergstrom, K.S.B. and Gibson, D.L. and Steiner, T.S. and Vallance, B.A.
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.01141-07
2008

Protein kinase D interaction with TLR5 is required for inflammatory signaling in response to bacterial flagellin.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.9.5735
PubMed: 17442957
05/2007

Activation-induced FOXP3 in human T effector cells does not suppress proliferation or cytokine production.
International immunology
DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxm014
PubMed: 17329235
04/2007

How flagellin and toll-like receptor 5 contribute to enteric infection.
Infection and immunity
DOI: 10.1128/iai.01506-06
PubMed: 17118981
02/2007

A phosphorylation site in the Toll-like receptor 5 TIR domain is required for inflammatory signalling in response to flagellin.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.11.132
PubMed: 17157808
01/2007

How flagellin and toll-like receptor 5 contribute to enteric infection
Infection and Immunity
Steiner, T.S.
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.01506-06
2007

Infectious diarrhea: new pathogens and new challenges in developed and developing areas.
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
DOI: 10.1086/505874
PubMed: 16838227
08/2006

Enteric Escherichia coli Infections
Tropical Infectious Diseases
Steiner, T.S. and Thielman, N.M. and Guerrant, R.L.
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-06668-9.50021-1
2006

Human CD4+ T cells express TLR5 and its ligand flagellin enhances the suppressive capacity and expression of FOXP3 in CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.12.8051
PubMed: 16339542
12/2005

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli flagellin-induced interleukin-8 secretion requires Toll-like receptor 5-dependent p38 MAP kinase activation.
Immunology
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2004.01923.x
PubMed: 15270737
08/2004

Interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and lactoferrin in immunocompetent hosts with experimental and Brazilian children with acquired cryptosporidiosis.
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
PubMed: 12685639
03/2003

Interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-a, and lactoferrin in immunocompetent hosts with experimental and Brazilian children with acquired cryptosporidiosis
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Alcantara, C.S. and Yang, C.-H. and Steiner, T.S. and Barrett, L.J. and Lima, A.A.M. and Chappell, C.L. and Okhuysen, P.C. and White Jr., A.C. and Guerrant, R.L.
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2003.68.325
2003

Two Nonadjacent Regions in EnteroaggregativeEscherichia coliFlagellin Are Required for Activation of Toll-like Receptor 5
Journal of Biological Chemistry
Meghan A. Donnelly and Theodore S. Steiner
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m206851200
08/2002

Mechanisms of emerging diarrheagenic Escherichia coli infection
Current Infectious Disease Reports
Mohammed A. Khan and Ted S. Steiner
DOI: 10.1007/s11908-002-0050-y
03/2002

Enteroaggregative and Diffusely Adherent Escherichia Coli
Escherichia Coli
James P. Nataro and Theodore Steiner
DOI: 10.1016/b978-012220751-8/50007-0
2002

Two nonadjacent regions in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli flagellin are required for activation of toll-like receptor 5
Journal of Biological Chemistry
Donnelly, M.A. and Steiner, T.S.
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M206851200
2002

Role of inducible cyclooxygenase and prostaglandins in Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced secretion and inflammation in an animal model.
The Journal of infectious diseases
DOI: 10.1086/322799
PubMed: 11474431
09/2001

Practice guidelines for the management of infectious diarrhea.
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
DOI: 10.1086/318514
PubMed: 11170940
02/2001

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli expresses a novel flagellin that causes IL-8 release from intestinal epithelial cells.
The Journal of clinical investigation
DOI: 10.1172/jci8892
PubMed: 10862792
06/2000

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli expresses a novel flagellin that causes IL-8 release from intestinal epithelial cells
Journal of Clinical Investigation
Steiner, T.S. and Nataro, J.P. and Poteet-Smith, C.E. and Smith, J.A. and Guerrant, R.L.
DOI: 10.1172/JCI8892
2000

Failure of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion in the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis.
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
PubMed: 10344661
05/1999

How Intestinal Bacteria Cause Disease
The Journal of Infectious Diseases
Richard L. Guerrant and Ted S. Steiner and Aldo A. M. Lima and David A. Bobak
DOI: 10.1086/513845
03/1999

Failure of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion in the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Dietze, R. and Fowler Jr., V.G. and Steiner, T.S. and Pecanha, P.M. and Corey, G.R.
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.837
1999

Intestinal secretory factor released by macrophages stimulated with Clostridium difficile toxin A: role of interleukin 1beta.
Infection and immunity
PubMed: 9746596
10/1998

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli produce intestinal inflammation and growth impairment and cause interleukin-8 release from intestinal epithelial cells.
The Journal of infectious diseases
DOI: 10.1086/513809
PubMed: 9419174
01/1998

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli
Emerging Infectious Diseases
Nataro, J.P. and Steiner, T. and Guerrant, R.L.
DOI: 10.3201/eid0402.980212
1998

Intestinal secretory factor released by macrophages stimulated with Clostridium difficile toxin A: Role of interleukin 1ß
Infection and Immunity
Rocha, M.F.G. and Soares, A.M. and Flores, C.A. and Steiner, T.S. and Lyerly, D.M. and Guerrant, R.L. and Ribeiro, R.A. and Lima, A.A.M.
DOI: 10.1128/iai.66.10.4910-4916.1998
1998

Fecal lactoferrin, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-8 are elevated in patients with severe Clostridium difficile colitis.
Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology
PubMed: 9384296
11/1997

Diarrhea, demography and cell signaling: lessons from microbial toxins.
Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association
PubMed: 9108674
1997

Fecal lactoferrin, interleukin-1ß, and interleukin-8 are elevated in patients with severe Clostridium difficile colitis
Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology
Steiner, T.S. and Flores, C.A. and Pizarro, T.T. and Guerrant, R.L.
DOI: 10.1128/cdli.4.6.719-722.1997
1997

Protozoal agents: What are the dangers for the public water supply?
Annual Review of Medicine
Steiner, T.S. and Thielman, N.M. and Guerrant, R.L.
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.med.48.1.329
1997

Identification of a protein from enteroaggregative Escherichia coli which releases interteukin 8 from caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells
Clinical Infectious Diseases
Steiner, T.S. and Nataro, J.P. and Guerrant, R.L.
1997

Diarrhea, demography and cell signaling: lessons from microbial toxins.
Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association
PubMed: 9108674
1997

The pathogenesis of and host response to Cryptosporidium parvum
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
Ted S. Steiner and Richard L. Guerrant
DOI: 10.1097/00001432-199606000-00005
06/1996

New evidence for an inflammatory component in diarrhea caused by selected new, live attenuated cholera vaccines and by El Tor and Q139 Vibrio cholerae.
Infection and immunity
PubMed: 8675353
06/1996

Diarrhea, demography and cell signaling: lessons from microbial toxins.
Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association
Guerrant, R.L. and Lima, A.A. and Thielman, N.M. and Steiner, T.S. and Fonteles, M.C.
1996

New evidence for an inflammatory component in diarrhea caused by selected new, live attenuated cholera vaccines and by El Tor and O139 Vibrio cholerae
Infection and Immunity
Silva, T.M.J. and Schleupner, M.A. and Tacket, C.O. and Steiner, T.S. and Kaper, J.B. and Edelman, R. and Guerrant, R.L.
DOI: 10.1128/iai.64.6.2362-2364.1996
1996

Secretin receptors mediating rat forestomach relaxation.
The American journal of physiology
PubMed: 8498512
05/1993

Secretin receptors mediating rat forestomach relaxation
American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
Steiner, T.S. and Mangel, A.W. and McVey, D.C. and Vigna, S.R.
DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.1993.264.5.g863
1993

Enteric Escherichia coli Infections
Tropical Infectious Diseases
THEODORE S. STEINER and NATHAN M. THIELMAN and RICHARD L. GUERRANT
DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-443-06668-9.50021-1
1992

Research

Current Projects
My current research program targets two very important intestinal diseases: C. difficile infection and inflammatory bowel disease. C. difficile is the leading cause of hospital-acquired infections in Canada, and can lead to debilitating or even fatal diarrhea. I am exploring the role of the immune system in protecting against C. difficile by studying specific types of immune responses in people with their first episode of infection and comparing them to people with recurrent infections. I also have several clinical projects examining the benefit of fecal microbial transplantation (FMT), also known as "stool transplant", to control these recurrent infections.

My second main project is to develop a new treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) based on the realization that people with these diseases develop abnormal immune responses to normal gut bacteria. It is believed that these responses "trick" the gut into thinking there is a bad infection, so it mobilizes its "army" of white blood cells into the gut, leading to unwanted inflammation that damages the gut. We are working to take advantage of these abnormal responses by making "super-suppressor" cells that reduce inflammation when they sense a major bacterial protein, flagellin, which is present in large amounts in the gut. We are also examining the types of immune responses that people with IBD make against flagellin to better understand how they cause damage.

Grants

Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Project Grant 2017-2021

Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Operating Grant 2017-2019

Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of Canada (CCFC) Grants in Aid of Research 2016-2019

Research Group Members

Nada Al-Emadi, Research Trainee
Hannah Baer
Mehrshad Esmaeilzadeh, Research Assistant
Jennifer Jiang, Research Assistant
Mariane Laderas, Research Assistant
Sarah Lim
Insha Majeed, Work Learn Student
Chad Poloni, PhD Student
Shruti Sandilya, Graduate Research Assistant
Andrew Sze
Tanya Vasyukhnik, Research Manager
Stacy Wang