{"id":1432,"date":"2018-09-05T18:11:00","date_gmt":"2018-09-05T18:11:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/navyblue.bcmultistaging.wpenginepowered.com\/?p=1432"},"modified":"2026-06-25T18:37:59","modified_gmt":"2026-06-25T18:37:59","slug":"uncovering-power-single-layer-cells-vallance-lab-researchers-study-intestinal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bcchr.ca\/vallance-lab\/2018\/09\/05\/uncovering-power-single-layer-cells-vallance-lab-researchers-study-intestinal\/","title":{"rendered":"Uncovering the power of a single layer of cells: Vallance Lab researchers study the intestinal epithelium to improve care for kids with inflammatory bowel diseases"},"content":{"rendered":"

A layer of tissue that\u2019s only a single cell thick is all that that separates our intestines from the world of microbes living inside our gut. Until recently, scientists believed this layer, which is called the intestinal epithelium, was just a simple protective barrier.<\/p>\n\n

Thanks to work done in\u00a0Dr. Bruce Vallance<\/a>\u2019s Lab at BC Children\u2019s Hospital and elsewhere, we\u2019re now learning that the epithelium plays a key role in human health and understanding how it works and why it fails may lead to new treatments for children with\u00a0inflammatory bowel disease.<\/p>\n\n

A recent paper in\u00a0Trends in Immunology<\/a>\u00a0co-authored by Vallance lab researchers brings together significant recent developments in our understanding of the epithelium and why it\u2019s important to our health. Dr. Vallance, UBC Postdoctoral Fellow Dr. Joannie Allaire, and UBC PhD student Shauna Crowley are co-lead authors of the paper.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

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Dr. Bruce Vallance, Dr. Joannie Allaire, and Shauna Crowley<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n

\u201cWe\u2019ve learned the epithelium is actually a key player in the gut\u2019s immune defenses, rather than just acting as a barrier between the microbes living inside the gut and the highly reactive immune cells in the underlying tissue,\u201d says Dr. Vallance. \u201cIt relays messages between immune cells within the intestinal tissue and the microbes outside. In this way, the microbes influence the behavior of the immune cells and vice versa.\u201d <\/p>\n\n

\u201cWe\u2019re also discovering that the makeup of the epithelium is more complex that we previously knew,\u201d says Dr. Allaire. \u201cIt\u2019s not comprised of just one single cell type. There are multiple different cell types and of these cells, there are sub-types and sub-sub types.\u201d <\/p>\n\n

Researchers have found that some of the cell types in the epithelium can release cytokines, a group of proteins that play an important role in immune responses. Scientists used to believe that only immune cells could release cytokines.<\/p>\n\n

These discoveries about the epithelium add to the growing understanding of our gut\u2019s immune system and its vital role in the human body.<\/p>\n\n

\u201cIncreasingly, we\u2019re learning that the complex world of bacteria inside our guts influences human health in ways we\u2019re only beginning to understand,\u201d says Crowley. \u201cBy coordinating communication between immune cells and microbes, the epithelium helps control which microbes are in our guts. This makes the epithelium very important to our health.\u201d<\/p>\n\n

The Vallance Lab\u2019s research on the epithelium also has significant implications for the understanding of Crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis, gastrointestinal auto-inflammatory disease that are collectively known as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Problems with the function of the epithelium contribute to these conditions. 

Typically, in IBD, the epithelium becomes damaged, allowing immune cells and microbes to come in direct contact with each other. This triggers a strong immune response, which further damages the intestines leading to abdominal pain, fatigue, diarrhea, loss of appetite and other painful and debilitating symptoms. Many of the genetic mutations found in people with IBD affect the functions of epithelial cells, suggesting that the epithelium plays an important role in these conditions in ways that are still being understood.<\/p>\n\n\n

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If we could find a way to repair the epithelium in children with inflammatory bowel diseases or re-introduce the signals the epithelial cells usually coordinate, we might be able to create new and more effective therapies for IBD.<\/p>\t<\/blockquote>\n\t

\n\t\t– Shauna Crowley\t<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

About 100 children are diagnosed with IBD at BC Children\u2019s every year. Because these are chronic conditions, developing new more effective treatments is particularly important for young people who will spend the rest of their lives managing these diseases. <\/p>\n\n

The current therapies for IBD often lose effectiveness over time, a particularly pressing problem for children who will need to be treated for IBD for most of their lives. These treatments also aren\u2019t targeted, so they suppress the body\u2019s entire immune system, not just the overactive immune response that contributes to IBD. This makes children more vulnerable to infections and certain cancers.
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\u201cInflammatory bowel diseases are painful and can make it difficult for children to play sports, attend school and generally enjoy their childhoods,\u201d says Dr. Allaire.<\/p>\n\n\n

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We need to develop treatment options for these kids that work long term and don\u2019t cause dangerous side effects. Eventually, our research may lead to new therapies that help epithelial cells work more effectively, boosting the body\u2019s natural healing powers to treat disease.<\/p>\t<\/blockquote>\n\t

\n\t\t– Dr. Joannie Allaire\t<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

Every day at BC children\u2019s Hospital, Vallance Lab researchers are studying the epithelium in hopes of contributing to new, more effective therapies for children with IBD and other gastrointestinal conditions. <\/p>\n\n

Both Dr. Allaire and Crowley are studying how epithelial cells protect the body from microbes that can cause severe illness. Understanding how epithelial cells function when they\u2019re working properly may illuminate how these cells protect against disease. Dr. Allaire is studying the molecules secreted by epithelial cells, including cytokines. Crowley looks at how epithelial cells use proteins called inflammasomes to protect the body from Salmonella bacteria. Researchers in the Vallance Lab are also studying other aspects of intestinal health, like the role microbes play in gut function and how food and nutrition contribute to healthy microbe populations.<\/p>\n\n

\u201cI\u2019m proud that my lab has contributed to the really exciting progress we\u2019ve made in understanding the intestinal epithelium,\u201d says Dr. Vallance. \u201cThe epithelium is just one cell thick, but it plays a major role in our guts\u2019 immune defenses. I look forward to continuing to explore the microscopic world of epithelial cells, so one day we and other scientists can turn this research into new therapies for kids.\u201d<\/p>\n\n

Dr. Bruce Vallance is an investigator, BC Children’s Hospital; a Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia; and the CH.I.L.D. Foundation Chair in Pediatric Gastroenterology.<\/em><\/p>\n\n

The Vallance Lab\u2019s work is supported by the CH.I.L.D. Foundation and BC Children\u2019s Hospital Foundation. <\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A layer of tissue that\u2019s only a single cell thick is all that that separates our intestines from the world of microbes living inside our gut. Until recently, scientists believed this layer, which is called the intestinal epithelium, was just a simple protective barrier.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2092,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","fndry_alternate_title":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[13],"class_list":["post-1432","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-inflammatory-bowel-disease"],"modified_by":"Andrea Sakamoto","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bcchr.ca\/vallance-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1432","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bcchr.ca\/vallance-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bcchr.ca\/vallance-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bcchr.ca\/vallance-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bcchr.ca\/vallance-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1432"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.bcchr.ca\/vallance-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1432\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2091,"href":"https:\/\/www.bcchr.ca\/vallance-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1432\/revisions\/2091"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bcchr.ca\/vallance-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2092"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bcchr.ca\/vallance-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1432"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bcchr.ca\/vallance-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1432"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bcchr.ca\/vallance-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1432"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}