Ruth Eckstein Grunau

PhD

Investigator Emerita, BC Children's Hospital

Early stress in immature neonates, both animal and human, has the potential for long-term effects. Medical care of infants born prematurely at very low gestational age (below 33 weeks gestation) involves repeated exposure to noxious procedures, at a time of very rapid brain development and programming of stress systems.

Pain in biologically immature neonates is developmentally “unexpected” inducing numerous physiologic, endocrine and behavioral changes that may contribute to altered brain development and stress regulation - affecting neurodevelopment, ability to self-regulate behaviorally and physiologically, as well as altering multiple aspects of attention, learning and memory. These difficulties may impact the infant's adjustment to the environment, parent-infant interaction, behavior and later academic achievement; however the etiology is largely unknown.

Using a transdisciplinary, biobehavioural approach we have gained new knowledge about pain reactivity, relationships between response systems in premature compared to healthy term born infants, and increased understanding of mechanisms contributing to altered neurodevelopment and internalizing behaviors in these fragile children.

Academic Affiliations

  • Professor, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia
  • Research Theme: Brain, Behaviour & Development
  • Research Group(s): Mental Health and Behaviour; Neurodevelopmental and Neurological Disorders; Origins of Child Health and Disease; Pain and Stress; Visualizing the Brain

Contact Information

Assistant

Cecil Chau

cchau@bcchr.ca

Location

4500 Oak St, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6H 3N1

Assessing Semiregional Cerebral Oxygen Consumption (CMRO2) in Preterm Neonates: A Quantitative MRI Cohort Study With Exploratory Analysis of Respiratory Support

NMR in Biomedicine

Zhu, C. and Chan, N. and Chacko, A. and Holsti, L. and Grunau, R. and Weber, A.

DOI: 10.1002/nbm.70065

The application of magnetic susceptibility separation for measuring cerebral oxygenation in preterm neonates

Pediatric Research

Carmichael, T.G. and Rauscher, A. and Grunau, R.E. and Weber, A.M.

DOI: 10.1038/s41390-025-03966-6

Neonatal Hippocampal Volume and Parent Structuring at 18 Months in Relation to Cortisol Stress Regulation Across Early Childhood and Executive Functions at Age 4 Years in Children Born Very Preterm

Biological Psychiatry

McLean, M.A. and Weinberg, J. and Vinall Miller, J. and Guo, T. and Synnes, A.R. and Miller, S.P. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.06.005

Low-Grade Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage-Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Concomitant Preterm Brain Injuries: Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 3 Years of Age

Journal of Pediatrics

Ybarra, M. and Chau, V. and Au-Young, S.H. and Raghuram, K. and Guo, T. and Grunau, R.E. and Branson, H. and Shah, V. and de Vries, L.S. and Miller, S.P. and Cizmeci, M.N.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2025.114713

Hemodynamic Risk Factors for Cerebellar Hemorrhage Presence and Volume in Infants Born Very Preterm

Journal of Pediatrics

Ybarra, M. and Selvanathan, T. and Guo, T. and Chau, V. and Branson, H.M. and Ly, L.G. and Synnes, A.R. and Kelly, E. and Grunau, R.E. and Miller, S.P. and Tam, E.W.Y.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2025.114503

Neonatal Critical Illness, 8-Year White Matter Microstructure, and Motor Function in Children Born Very Preterm

Journal of Pediatrics

Oloomi, S. and Ufkes, S. and Selvanathan, T. and Chau, C. and Roland, E. and Guo, T. and Chau, V. and Grunau, R.E. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2025.114667

Antenatal Corticosteroids and Child Neurodevelopment A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Liauw, J. and Campbell, K.S.J. and Foggin, H. and Grunau, R.E. and Petrie, J. and Qasim, A. and Brignardello-Petersen, R. and Mishaal, R.A. and Hutcheon, J.A.

DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000005950

A Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis of Cortisol Levels and Internalizing Behaviors in Children Born Very Preterm Across Early Childhood: Associations Differ for Boys and Girls at Age 1.5Years

Developmental Psychobiology

McLean, M.A. and Weinberg, J. and Synnes, A.R. and Miller, S.P. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1002/dev.70064

Preterm Sex Differences in Neurodevelopment and Brain Development from Early Life to 8 Years of Age

Journal of Pediatrics

Christensen, R. and Chau, V. and Synnes, A. and Guo, T. and Ufkes, S. and Grunau, R.E. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114271

Neonatal Sucrose and Internalizing Behaviors at 18 Months in Children Born Very Preterm

JAMA Network Open

McLean, M.A. and Ranger, M. and Bone, J.N. and Selvanathan, T. and Au-Young, S.H. and Chau, C.M.Y. and Chau, V. and Ly, L. and Kelly, E. and Synnes, A. and Miller, S.P. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.4477

Associations of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Infection with School-Age Brain Development in Children Born Preterm

Journal of Pediatrics

Kim, C. and Ufkes, S. and Guo, T. and Chau, V. and Synnes, A. and Grunau, R.E. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2025.114524

Presumed etiology of preterm birth: brain injury and neurodevelopmental outcomes

Pediatric Research

El Shahed, A. and Chau, V. and Terry, J. and Whitehead, C. and Synnes, A. and Grunau, R. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1038/s41390-025-03945-x

Association of Early-Life or Term-Equivalent White Matter Injury With Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants

Neurology

Selvanathan, T. and Oloomi, S. and Guo, T. and Ufkes, S. and Chau, V. and Branson, H. and Synnes, A. and Ly, L.G. and Kelly, E.N. and De Vries, L.S. and Grunau, R.E. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000214016

Change in Volumes and Location of Preterm White Matter Injury over a Period of 15 Years

Journal of Pediatrics

Selvanathan, T. and Guo, T. and Ufkes, S. and Chau, V. and Branson, H.M. and Synnes, A.R. and Ly, L.G. and Kelly, E. and Grunau, R.E. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114090

Pain Exposure and Brain Connectivity in Preterm Infants

JAMA Network Open

Selvanathan, T. and Ufkes, S. and Guo, T. and Chau, V. and Branson, H.M. and Ibrahim, G.M. and Ly, L.G. and Kelly, E.N. and Grunau, R.E. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.2551

Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months of children diagnosed with CHD compared to children born very preterm

Cardiology in the Young

Roberts, S.D. and Sananes, R. and Wojtowicz, M. and Seed, M. and Miller, S.P. and Chau, V. and Au-Young, S.H. and Guo, T. and Ly, L. and Kazazian, V. and Grunau, R.E. and Williams, T.S.

DOI: 10.1017/S1047951123004316

Size and Location of Preterm Brain Injury and Associations with Neurodevelopmental Outcomes

Neurology

Selvanathan, T. and Guo, T. and Ufkes, S. and Chau, V. and Branson, H. and Synnes, A. and Ly, L.G. and Kelly, E.N. and Grunau, R.E. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000209264

Socioeconomic status moderates associations between hippocampal development and cognition in preterms

Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology

Konrad, J. and Guo, T. and Ufkes, S. and Selvanathan, T. and Sheng, M. and Al-Ajmi, E. and Branson, H.M. and Chau, V. and Ly, L.G. and Kelly, E.N. and Grunau, R.E. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1002/acn3.52168

Relationships between cortisol levels across early childhood and processing speed at age 4.5 years in children born very preterm

Child Neuropsychology

McLean, M.A. and Weinberg, J. and Synnes, A.R. and Miller, S.P. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2024.2314958

Cortisol levels are related to neonatal pain exposure in children born very preterm at age 18 months in two independent cohorts

Paediatric and Neonatal Pain

Mia A. McLean and Lisa Nakajima and Cecil M. Y. Chau and Joanne Weinberg and Anne R. Synnes and Steven P. Miller and Ruth E. Grunau

DOI: 10.1002/pne2.12112

09 / 2023

Association of Neonatal Midazolam Exposure with Hippocampal Growth and Working Memory Performance in Children Born Preterm

Neurology

Duerden, E.G. and Guo, T. and Chau, C. and Chau, V. and Synnes, A. and Grunau, R.E. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000207817

Early-life exposure to analgesia and 18-month neurodevelopmental outcomes in very preterm infants

Pediatric Research

Selvanathan, T. and Zaki, P. and McLean, M.A. and Au-Young, S.H. and Chau, C.M.Y. and Chau, V. and Synnes, A.R. and Ly, L.G. and Kelly, E. and Grunau, R.E. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02536-y

Associations between maternal depressive symptoms and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant treatment on internalising and anxiety behaviours in children: 12-year longitudinal study

BJPsych Open

Hutchison, S.M. and Brain, U. and Grunau, R.E. and Kuzeljevic, B. and Irvine, M. and M{\^a}sse, L.C. and Oberlander, T.F.

DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.623

Prenatal serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant exposure, SLC6A4 genetic variations, and cortisol activity in 6-year-old children of depressed mothers: A cohort study

Developmental Psychobiology

Zusman, E.Z. and Chau, C.M.Y. and Bone, J.N. and Hookenson, K. and Brain, U. and Glier, M.B. and Grunau, R.E. and Weinberg, J. and Devlin, A.M. and Oberlander, T.F.

DOI: 10.1002/dev.22425

Major Surgery, Brain Injury, and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants

Neurology

Selvanathan, T. and Au-Young, S.H. and Guo, T. and Chau, V. and Branson, H.M. and Synnes, A. and Ly, L. and Kelly, E.N. and Grunau, R.E. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000207848

Preterm Neurodevelopmental Trajectories from 18 Months to 4.5 Years

Journal of Pediatrics

Christensen, R. and Chau, V. and Synnes, A. and Guo, T. and Grunau, R.E. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113401

Head circumference, total cerebral volume and neurodevelopment in preterm neonates

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition

Thiviya Selvanathan and Ting Guo and Eddie Kwan and Vann Chau and Rollin Brant and Anne R Synnes and Ruth E Grunau and Steven P Miller

DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-321397

03 / 2022

Association of Neonatal Pain-Related Stress and Parent Interaction with Internalizing Behaviors Across 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 8.0 Years in Children Born Very Preterm

JAMA Network Open

McLean, M.A. and Scoten, O.C. and Chau, C.M.Y. and Synnes, A. and Miller, S.P. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.38088

Pharmacologic Analgesia and Sedation in Neonates

Clinics in Perinatology

McPherson, C. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2021.11.014

Proceedings of the 13th International Newborn Brain Conference: Neuroprotection strategies in the neonate

Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine

Abou Mehrem, A. and Al Awad, E. and Anninck, K. and Au-Young, S. and Aydinol, N. and Bartmann, P. and Benders, M. and Benlamri, A. and Bolderheij, L. and Celik, Y. and Chan, N. and Chau, C. and Chau, V. and Chen, X. and Chetcuti Ganado, C. and Coetser, A. and Cools, F. and Da Rocha, G. and Deigner, H.-P. and Dereymaeker, A. and Deshmukh, L. and Domonoske, R. and Dossani, S. and Dsouza, J.M. and El Gamal, M. and Eshemokhai, P. and Esser, M. and Fiedrich, E. and Franz, A. and Ghosh, A. and Groenendaal, F. and Grunau, R.E. and Venkata, S.K.R.G. and Hamitoglu, S. and Hellstr{\"o}m-Westas, L. and Irvine, L. and Jansen, K. and Javadyan, A. and Jenkin, G. and Kamanga, N. and Kaur, N. and Keles, E. and Keller, M. and Kelly, E. and Kesting, S.J. and Kgwadi, D. and Kim, B. and Kohl, M. and Kowal, D. and Kricitober, J.D. and Leijser, L. and LePine, M. and Lim, Y.-P. and Lodha, A. and Londhe, A. and Ly, L. and Maes, E. and Malhotra, A. and Marlow, N. and Mathew, J.L. and McDonald, C. and McLean, M. and Metcalfe, C. and Meyer, R. and Miller, S.P. and Miller, S. and Mogajane, T. and Mohammad, K. and Momin, S. and Montpetit, J. and Mukiza, N. and Murthy, P. and Scott, J.N. and Nakibuuka, V. and Nakwa, F. and Naulaers, G. and Noort, J. and Ntuli, N. and Ondongo-Ezhet, C. and Paul, R. and Pepper, M. and Plum, A. and Rombough, B. and Saugstad, O. and Scotland, J. and Scott, J. and Seake, K. and Sebunya, R. and Selvanathan, T. and Sepeng, L. and Simsek, H. and Steins-Rang, C. and Stonestreet, B. and Tang, S. and Taskin, E. and Thewissen, L. and Thomas, S. and Thomas, R. and van Kwawegen, A. and van Rensburg, J. and Velaphi, S. and Wu, Y. and Yaman, A. and Yapicioglu-Yildizdas, H. and Yawno, T. and Zaki, P. and Zein, H. and Zhou, L.

DOI: 10.3233/NPM-229003

Impact of Differing Language Background Exposures on Bayley-III Language Assessment in a National Cohort of Children Born Less than 29 Weeks Gestation

Children

Chan, N.H.-M. and Synnes, A. and Grunau, R.E. and Colby, L. and Petrie, J. and Elfring, T. and Richter, L. and Hendson, L. and Banihani, R. and Luu, T.M.

DOI: 10.3390/children9071048

Lower Maternal Chronic Physiological Stress and Better Child Behavior at 18 Months: Follow-Up of a Cluster Randomized Trial of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Family Integrated Care

Journal of Pediatrics

Mclean, M.A. and Scoten, O.C. and Yu, W. and Ye, X.Y. and Petrie, J. and Church, P.T. and Soraisham, A.S. and Mirea, L.S. and Weinberg, J. and Synnes, A.R. and O{'}Brien, K. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.12.055

Family integrated care: Very preterm neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months

Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition

Synnes, A.R. and Petrie, J. and Grunau, R.E. and Church, P. and Kelly, E. and Moddemann, D. and Ye, X. and Lee, S.K. and O{'}Brien, K.

DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-321055

Neonatal pain, thalamic development and sensory processing behaviour in children born very preterm

Early Human Development

Duerden, E.G. and Mclean, M.A. and Chau, C. and Guo, T. and Mackay, M. and Chau, V. and Synnes, A. and Miller, S.P. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2022.105617

Brain Development and Maternal Behavior in Relation to Cognitive and Language Outcomes in Preterm-Born Children

Biological Psychiatry

Miller, J.V. and Chau, V. and Synnes, A. and Miller, S.P. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.03.010

Association of Pediatric Buccal Epigenetic Age Acceleration with Adverse Neonatal Brain Growth and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes among Children Born Very Preterm with a Neonatal Infection

JAMA Network Open

Gomaa, N. and Konwar, C. and Gladish, N. and Au-Young, S.H. and Guo, T. and Sheng, M. and Merrill, S.M. and Kelly, E. and Chau, V. and Branson, H.M. and Ly, L.G. and Duerden, E.G. and Grunau, R.E. and Kobor, M.S. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.39796

MRI based radiomics enhances prediction of neurodevelopmental outcome in very preterm neonates

Scientific Reports

Wagner, M.W. and So, D. and Guo, T. and Erdman, L. and Sheng, M. and Ufkes, S. and Grunau, R.E. and Synnes, A. and Branson, H.M. and Chau, V. and Shroff, M.M. and Ertl-Wagner, B.B. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16066-w

Ventricular Volume in Infants Born Very Preterm: Relationship with Brain Maturation and Neurodevelopment at Age 4.5 Years

Journal of Pediatrics

Sheng, M. and Guo, T. and Mabbott, C. and Chau, V. and Synnes, A. and de Vries, L.S. and Grunau, R.E. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.05.003

Sensory processing and cortisol at age 4 years: Procedural pain-related stress in children born very preterm

Developmental Psychobiology

Mia A. McLean and Nikoo Niknafs and Olivia C. Scoten and Cecil M. Y. Chau and Margot MacKay and Joanne Weinberg and Anne Synnes and Steven P. Miller and Ruth E. Grunau

DOI: 10.1002/dev.22079

07 / 2021

Longitudinal neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm twins

Pediatric Research

Christensen, R. and Chau, V. and Synnes, A. and Grunau, R.E. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0840-7

Stress in fetal life ex utero: Very preterm infants

Prenatal Stress and Child Development

Levine, T.A. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60159-1_11

Preterm infant heart rate is lowered after Family Nurture Intervention in the NICU: Evidence in support of autonomic conditioning

Early Human Development

Ludwig, R.J. and Grunau, R.E. and Chafkin, J.E. and Hane, A.A. and Isler, J.R. and Chau, C.M.Y. and Welch, M.G. and Myers, M.

DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2021.105455

Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants conceived by assisted reproductive technology

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Roychoudhury, S. and Lodha, A. and Synnes, A. and Abou Mehrem, A. and Canning, R. and Banihani, R. and Beltempo, M. and Theriault, K. and Yang, J. and Shah, P.S. and Soraisham, A.S. and Ting, J. and Alvaro, R. and Adie, M. and Ng, E. and Pelausa, E. and Claveau, M. and Barrington, K. and Lapoint, A. and Ethier, G. and Drolet, C. and Piedboeuf, B. and Afifi, J. and Dahlgren, L. and Wood, S. and Metcalfe, A. and O'Quinn, C. and Helewa, M. and Taboun, F. and Melamed, N. and Abenhaim, H. and Wou, K. and Gratton, R. and Boucoiran, I. and Taillefer, C. and Allen, V. and Grunau, R. and Hendson, L. and Moddemann, D. and de Cabo, C. and Nwaesei, C. and Church, P. and Nguyen, K.-A. and Khairy, M. and Dorval, V. and Luu, T.M. and Blanger, S.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.03.027

Interaction between Preterm White Matter Injury and Childhood Thalamic Growth

Annals of Neurology

Cayam-Rand, D. and Guo, T. and Synnes, A. and Chau, V. and Mabbott, C. and Benavente-Fern{\'a}ndez, I. and Grunau, R.E. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1002/ana.26201

Prenatal antidepressant exposure and sex differences in neonatal corpus callosum microstructure

Developmental Psychobiology

Campbell, K.S.J. and Williams, L.J. and Bjornson, B.H. and Weik, E. and Brain, U. and Grunau, R.E. and Miller, S.P. and Oberlander, T.F.

DOI: 10.1002/dev.22125

Personal perspectives: Infant pain"A multidisciplinary journey

Paediatric and Neonatal Pain

Ruth Eckstein Grunau

DOI: 10.1002/pne2.12017

06 / 2020

Effects of maternal depression and prenatal SSRI exposure on executive functions and susceptibility to household chaos in 6-year-old children: Prospective cohort study

BJPsych Open

Dhaliwal, G. and Weikum, W.M. and Jolicoeur-Martineau, A. and Brain, U. and Grunau, R.E. and Oberlander, T.F.

DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2020.73

Neurodevelopmental outcomes after neonatal caffeine therapy

Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine

Synnes, A. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2020.101160

Mechanical Ventilation Duration, Brainstem Development, and Neurodevelopment in Children Born Preterm: A Prospective Cohort Study

Journal of Pediatrics

Guillot, M. and Guo, T. and Ufkes, S. and Schneider, J. and Synnes, A. and Chau, V. and Grunau, R.E. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.05.039

Location and Size of Preterm Cerebellar Hemorrhage and Childhood Development

Annals of Neurology

Garfinkle, J. and Guo, T. and Synnes, A. and Chau, V. and Branson, H.M. and Ufkes, S. and Tam, E.W.Y. and Grunau, R.E. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1002/ana.25899

Association of early skin breaks and neonatal thalamic maturation: A modifiable risk?

Neurology

Duerden, E.G. and Grunau, R.E. and Chau, V. and Groenendaal, F. and Guo, T. and Chakravarty, M.M. and Benders, M. and Wagenaar, N. and Eijsermans, R. and Koopman, C. and Synnes, A. and Vries, L. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000010953

Sex differences in brain connectivity and male vulnerability in very preterm children

Human Brain Mapping

Kozhemiako, N. and Nunes, A.S. and Vakorin, V.A. and Chau, C.M.Y. and Moiseev, A. and Ribary, U. and Grunau, R.E. and Doesburg, S.M.

DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24809

Family Integrated Care (FICare): Positive impact on behavioural outcomes at 18 months

Early Human Development

Church, P.T. and Grunau, R.E. and Mirea, L. and Petrie, J. and Soraisham, A.S. and Synnes, A. and Ye, X.Y. and O{'}Brien, K.

DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105196

Atypical neuromagnetic resting activity associated with thalamic volume and cognitive outcome in very preterm children

Adonay S. Nunes and Nataliia Kozhemiako and Evan Hutcheon and Cecil Chau and Urs Ribary and Ruth E Grunau and Sam M Doesburg

DOI: 10.1101/729038

08 / 2019

Pain in Child Health from 2002 to 2015: The early years of an international research training initiative

Canadian Journal of Pain

Carl L. von Baeyer and Bonnie J. Stevens and Kenneth D. Craig and G. Allen Finley and C. Celeste Johnston and Ruth V.E. Grunau and Christine T. Chambers and Rebecca R. Pillai Riddell and Jennifer N. Stinson and Patrick J. McGrath

DOI: 10.1080/24740527.2018.1562844

01 / 2019

Early psychosocial development of small for gestational age and intrauterine growth-restricted children: a systematic review

Journal of Perinatology

Levine, T.A. and Grunau, R.E. and McAuliffe, F.M. and Alderdice, F.A.

DOI: 10.1038/s41372-019-0369-y

Morphine biotransformation genes and neonatal clinical factors predicted behaviour problems in very preterm children at 18months

EBioMedicine

Chau, C.M.Y. and Ross, C.J.D. and Chau, V. and Synnes, A.R. and Miller, S.P. and Carleton, B. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.01.042

Atypical resting state neuromagnetic connectivity and spectral power in very preterm children

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines

Kozhemiako, N. and Nunes, A. and Vakorin, V.A. and Chau, C.M.Y. and Moiseev, A. and Ribary, U. and Grunau, R.E. and Doesburg, S.M.

DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13026

Prenatal SSRI antidepressant use and maternal internalizing symptoms during pregnancy and postpartum: Exploring effects on infant temperament trajectories for boys and girls

Journal of Affective Disorders

Erickson, N.L. and Hancock, G.R. and Oberlander, T.F. and Brain, U. and Grunau, R.E. and Gartstein, M.A.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.003

Predictive connectome subnetwork extraction with anatomical and connectivity priors

Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics

Brown, C.J. and Miller, S.P. and Booth, B.G. and Zwicker, J.G. and Grunau, R.E. and Synnes, A.R. and Chau, V. and Hamarneh, G.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2018.08.009

Neurologic Examination Findings Associated With Small Cerebellar Volumes After Prematurity

Journal of Child Neurology

Tam, E.W.Y. and Chau, V. and Lavoie, R. and Chakravarty, M.M. and Guo, T. and Synnes, A. and Zwicker, J. and Grunau, R. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1177/0883073819847925

Hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus volumes in very preterm children at 8 years: Neonatal pain and genetic variation

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience

Chau, C.M.Y. and Ranger, M. and Bichin, M. and Park, M.T.M. and Amaral, R.S.C. and Chakravarty, M. and Poskitt, K. and Synnes, A.R. and Miller, S.P. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00051

Self-reported Quality of Life at Middle School Age in Survivors of Very Preterm Birth: Results from the Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity Trial

JAMA Pediatrics

Schmidt, B. and Anderson, P.J. and Asztalos, E.V. and Doyle, L.W. and Grunau, R.E. and Moddemann, D. and Roberts, R.S.

DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.4853

Association of socioeconomic status and brain injury with neurodevelopmental outcomes of very preterm children

JAMA Network Open

Benavente-Fernandez, I. and Synnes, A. and Grunau, R.E. and Chau, V. and Ramraj, C. and Glass, T. and Cayam-Rand, D. and Siddiqi, A. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.2914

Alterations in Resting-State Networks Following In Utero Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Exposure in the Neonatal Brain

Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging

Rotem-Kohavi, N. and Williams, L.J. and Virji-Babul, N. and Bjornson, B.H. and Brain, U. and Werker, J.F. and Grunau, R.E. and Miller, S.P. and Oberlander, T.F.

DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.08.004

Concurrent Validity of the Bayley-III and the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2 at 18 Months

Physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics

Gill, K. and Osiovich, A. and Synnes, A. and A. Agnew, J. and Grunau, R.E. and Miller, S.P. and Zwicker, J.G.

DOI: 10.1080/01942638.2018.1546255

Predicting developmental outcomes in preterm infants: A simple white matter injury imaging rule

Neurology

Cayam-Rand, D. and Guo, T. and Grunau, R.E. and Benavente-Fern{\'a}ndez, I. and Synnes, A. and Chau, V. and Branson, H. and Latal, B. and Mcquillen, P. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000008172

Hub distribution of the brain functional networks of newborns prenatally exposed to maternal depression and SSRI antidepressants

Depression and Anxiety

Rotem-Kohavi, N. and Williams, L.J. and Muller, A.M. and Abdi, H. and Virji-Babul, N. and Bjornson, B.H. and Brain, U. and Werker, J.F. and Grunau, R.E. and Miller, S.P. and Oberlander, T.F.

DOI: 10.1002/da.22906

Adverse behavioral changes in adult mice following neonatal repeated exposure to pain and sucrose

Frontiers in Psychology

Ranger, M. and Tremblay, S. and Chau, C.M.Y. and Holsti, L. and Grunau, R.E. and Goldowitz, D.

DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02394

Maternal depression trajectories from pregnancy to 3years postpartum are associated with childrens behavior and executive functions at 3 and 6years

Archives of Women's Mental Health

Park, M. and Brain, U. and Grunau, R.E. and Diamond, A. and Oberlander, T.F.

DOI: 10.1007/s00737-017-0803-0

Procedural pain and oral glucose in preterm neonates: Brain development and sex-specific effects

Pain

Schneider, J. and Duerden, E.G. and Guo, T. and Ng, K. and Hagmann, P. and Graz, M.B. and Grunau, R.E. and Chakravarty, M.M. and Huppi, P.S. and Truttmann, A.C. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001123

Early procedural pain is associated with regionally-specific alterations in thalamic development in preterm neonates

Journal of Neuroscience

Duerden, E.G. and Grunau, R.E. and Guo, T. and Foong, J. and Pearson, A. and Au-Young, S. and Lavoie, R. and Chakravarty, M.M. and Chau, V. and Synnes, A. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0867-17.2017

Children's stress regulation mediates the association between prenatal maternal mood and child executive functions for boys, but not girls

Development and Psychopathology

Neuenschwander, R. and Hookenson, K. and Brain, U. and Grunau, R.E. and Devlin, A.M. and Weinberg, J. and Diamond, A. and Oberlander, T.F.

DOI: 10.1017/S095457941800041X

Neurobehavioral outcomes 11 years after neonatal caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity

Pediatrics

M{\"u}rner-Lavanchy, I.M. and Doyle, L.W. and Schmidt, B. and Roberts, R.S. and Asztalos, E.V. and Costantini, L. and Davis, P.G. and Dewey, D. and D{'}Ilario, J. and Grunau, R.E. and Moddemann, D. and Nelson, H. and Ohlsson, A. and Solimano, A. and Tin, W. and Anderson, P.J. and Dix, J. and Adams, B.A. and Warriner, E. and Callanan, C. and Davis, N. and McDonald, M. and Duff, J. and Kelly, E. and Hutchinson, E. and Hohn, D. and Ayaz, A. and Allen, J. and Haslam, R. and Goodchild, L. and Lontis, R.M. and Opie, G. and Woods, H. and Marchant, E. and Magrath, E. and Williamson, A. and Synnes, A. and Butt, A. and Petrie, J. and Sauve, R.S. and Christianson, H. and Anseeuw-Deeks, D. and Makarchuk, S. and Debooy, V. and Granke, N. and Bow, J. and Herlenius, E. and Legnevall, L. and B{\"o}hm, B. and BergStr{\"o}m, B.-M. and St?lnacke, S. and Sund{\'e}n-Cullberg, S. and Mayes, C. and McCusker, C. and Robinson, U. and Embleton, N. and Carnell, J.

DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-4047

Association of histologic chorioamnionitis with perinatal brain injury and early childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes among preterm neonates

JAMA Pediatrics

Bierstone, D. and Wagenaar, N. and Gano, D.L. and Guo, T. and Georgio, G. and Groenendaal, F. and De Vries, L.S. and Varghese, J. and Glass, H.C. and Chung, C. and Terry, J. and Rijpert, M. and Grunau, R.E. and Synnes, A. and Barkovich, A.J. and Ferriero, D.M. and Benders, M. and Chau, V. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.0102

Plasma betaine is positively associated with developmental outcomes in healthy toddlers at age 2 years who are not meeting the recommended adequate intake for dietary choline

Journal of Nutrition

Wiedeman, A.M. and Chau, C.M.Y. and Grunau, R.E. and McCarthy, D. and Yurko-Mauro, K. and Dyer, R.A. and Innis, S.M. and Devlin, A.M.

DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy108

Multiple Postnatal Infections in Newborns Born Preterm Predict Delayed Maturation of Motor Pathways at Term-Equivalent Age with Poorer Motor Outcomes at 3 Years

Journal of Pediatrics

Glass, T.J.A. and Chau, V. and Grunau, R.E. and Synnes, A. and Guo, T. and Duerden, E.G. and Foong, J. and Poskitt, K.J. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.12.041

Clinical Risk Factors for Punctate White Matter Lesions on Early Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Preterm Newborns

Journal of Pediatrics

Wagenaar, N. and Chau, V. and Groenendaal, F. and Kersbergen, K.J. and Poskitt, K.J. and Grunau, R.E. and Synnes, A. and Duerden, E.G. and de Vries, L.S. and Miller, S.P. and Benders, M.J.N.L.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.11.073

Repeated exposure to sucrose for procedural pain in mouse pups leads to long-term widespread brain alterations

Pain

Tremblay, S. and Ranger, M. and Chau, C.M.Y. and Ellegood, J. and Lerch, J.P. and Holsti, L. and Goldowitz, D. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000961

Quantitative assessment of white matter injury in preterm neonates

Neurology

Guo, T. and Duerden, E.G. and Adams, E. and Chau, V. and Branson, H.M. and Chakravarty, M.M. and Poskitt, K.J. and Synnes, A. and Grunau, R.E. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003606

Survival, Short-Term, and Long-Term Morbidities of Neonates with Birth Weight < 500 g

American Journal of Perinatology

Bashir, R.A. and Thomas, J.P. and Mackay, M. and Agnew, J. and Hubber-Richard, P. and Grunau, R.E. and Synnes, A.

DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1603462

Narcotics and Sedative Use in Preterm Neonates

Journal of Pediatrics

Borenstein-Levin, L. and Synnes, A. and Grunau, R.E. and Miller, S.P. and Yoon, E.W. and Shah, P.S.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.08.031

BrainNetCNN: Convolutional neural networks for brain networks; towards predicting neurodevelopment

NeuroImage

Kawahara, J. and Brown, C.J. and Miller, S.P. and Booth, B.G. and Chau, V. and Grunau, R.E. and Zwicker, J.G. and Hamarneh, G.

DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.09.046

Pregnancy-specific stress, fetoplacental haemodynamics, and neonatal outcomes in women with small for gestational age pregnancies: A secondary analysis of the multicentre Prospective Observational Trial to Optimise Paediatric Health in Intrauterine Growth Restriction

BMJ Open

Levine, T.A. and Grunau, R.E. and Segurado, R. and Daly, S. and Geary, M.P. and Kennelly, M.M. and O{'}Donoghue, K. and Hunter, A. and Morrison, J.J. and Burke, G. and Dicker, P. and Tully, E.C. and Malone, F.D. and Alderdice, F.A. and McAuliffe, F.M.

DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015326

Academic performance, motor function, and behavior 11 years after neonatal caffeine citrate therapy for apnea of prematurity: An 11-year follow-up of the CAP randomized clinical trial

JAMA Pediatrics

Schmidt, B. and Roberts, R.S. and Anderson, P.J. and Asztalos, E.V. and Costantini, L. and Davis, P.G. and Dewey, D. and D{'}Ilario, J. and Doyle, L.W. and Grunau, R.E. and Moddemann, D. and Nelson, H. and Ohlsson, A. and Solimano, A. and Tin, W. and Dix, J. and Adams, B.A. and Warriner, E. and Callanan, C. and Davis, N. and McDonald, M. and Duff, J. and Kelly, E. and Hutchinson, E. and Hohn, D. and Ayaz, A. and Allen, J. and Haslam, R. and Goodchild, L. and Lontis, R.M. and Opie, G. and Woods, H. and Marchant, E. and Magrath, E. and Williamson, A. and Bairam, A. and B{\'e}langer, S. and Fraser, A. and Leblanc, M. and Synnes, A. and Butt, A. and Petrie, J. and Sauve, R.S. and Christianson, H. and Anseeuw-Deeks, D. and Makarchuk, S. and Debooy, V. and Granke, N. and Bow, J. and Nwaesei, C. and Ryan, H. and Saunders, C. and Herlenius, E. and Legnevall, L. and B{\"o}hm, B. and Bergstr{\"o}m, B.-M. and St?lnacke, S. and Sund{\'e}n-Cullberg, S. and Mayes, C. and McCusker, C. and Robinson, U. and Embleton, N. and Carnell, J.

DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.0238

A randomized trial to evaluate the effect of two topical anesthetics on pain response during frenotomy in young infants

Pain Medicine (United States)

Shavit, I. and Peri-Front, Y. and Rosen-Walther, A. and Grunau, R.E. and Neuman, G. and Nachmani, O. and Koren, G. and Aizenbud, D.

DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnw097

The Val66Met brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene variant interacts with early pain exposure to predict cortisol dysregulation in 7-year-old children born very preterm: Implications for cognition

Neuroscience

Chau, C.M.Y. and Cepeda, I.L. and Devlin, A.M. and Weinberg, J. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.044

Developmental Aspects of Pain

Fetal and Neonatal Physiology, 2-Volume Set

Ranger, M. and Beggs, S. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-323-35214-7.00137-2

Antenatal exposure to antidepressants is associated with altered brain development in very preterm-born neonates

Neuroscience

Podrebarac, S.K. and Duerden, E.G. and Chau, V. and Grunau, R.E. and Synnes, A. and Oberlander, T.F. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.11.025

Severe retinopathy of prematurity predicts delayed white matter maturation and poorer neurodevelopment

Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition

Glass, T.J.A. and Chau, V. and Gardiner, J. and Foong, J. and Vinall, J. and Zwicker, J.G. and Grunau, R.E. and Synnes, A. and Poskitt, K.J. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2016-312533

Association between corpus callosum development on magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging, and neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates born very preterm

Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology

Malavolti, A.M. and Chau, V. and Brown-Lum, M. and Poskitt, K.J. and Brant, R. and Synnes, A. and Grunau, R.E. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.13364

Developmental Outcomes at 24 Months of Age in Toddlers Supplemented with Arachidonic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid: Results of a Double Blind Randomized, Controlled Trial

Nutrients

Devlin, A.M. and Chau, C.M.Y. and Dyer, R. and Matheson, J. and McCarthy, D. and Yurko-Mauro, K. and Innis, S.M. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.3390/nu9090975

Prediction of brain network age and factors ofdelayed maturation in very preterm infants

Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)

Brown, C.J. and Moriarty, K.P. and Miller, S.P. and Booth, B.G. and Zwicker, J.G. and Grunau, R.E. and Synnes, A.R. and Chau, V. and Hamarneh, G.

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66182-7_10

Prenatal stress and hemodynamics in pregnancy: a systematic review

Archives of Women's Mental Health

Levine, T.A. and Alderdice, F.A. and Grunau, R.E. and McAuliffe, F.M.

DOI: 10.1007/s00737-016-0645-1

Neonatal Invasive Procedures Predict Pain Intensity at School Age in Children Born Very Preterm

Clinical Journal of Pain

Valeri, B.O. and Ranger, M. and Chau, C.M.Y. and Cepeda, I.L. and Synnes, A. and Linhares, M.B.M. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000353

SLC6A4 promoter region methylation and socio-emotional stress response in very preterm and full-term infants

Epigenomics

Montirosso, R. and Provenzi, L. and Giorda, R. and Fumagalli, M. and Morandi, F. and Sirgiovanni, I. and Pozzoli, U. and Grunau, R. and Oberlander, T.F. and Mosca, F. and Borgatti, R.

DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0010

STEAM - Statistical Template Estimation for Abnormality Mapping: A personalized DTI analysis technique with applications to the screening of preterm infants

NeuroImage

Booth, B.G. and Miller, S.P. and Brown, C.J. and Poskitt, K.J. and Chau, V. and Grunau, R.E. and Synnes, A.R. and Hamarneh, G.

DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.08.079

Predictive subnetwork extraction with structural priors for infant connectomes

Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)

Brown, C.J. and Miller, S.P. and Booth, B.G. and Zwicker, J.G. and Grunau, R.E. and Synnes, A.R. and Chau, V. and Hamarneh, G.

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46720-7_21

Comment on the Paper by Van Den Bosch et al. Entitled 'prematurity, opioid exposure and neonatal pain: Do they affect the developing brain?': The impact of subtle messaging

Neonatology

Holsti, L. and Zwicker, J.G. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1159/000442081

Midazolam dose correlates with abnormal hippocampal growth and neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants

Annals of Neurology

Duerden, E.G. and Guo, T. and Dodbiba, L. and Chakravarty, M.M. and Chau, V. and Poskitt, K.J. and Synnes, A. and Grunau, R.E. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1002/ana.24601

Blood Pressure in Young Adults Born at Very Low Birth Weight: Adults Born Preterm International Collaboration

Hypertension

Hovi, P. and Vohr, B. and Ment, L.R. and Doyle, L.W. and McGarvey, L. and Morrison, K.M. and Evensen, K.A.I. and Van Der Pal, S. and Grunau, R.E. and Brubakk, A.-M. and Andersson, S. and Saigal, S. and Kajantie, E.

DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.08167

Smaller cerebellar growth and poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes in very preterm infants exposed to neonatal morphine

Journal of Pediatrics

Zwicker, J.G. and Miller, S.P. and Grunau, R.E. and Chau, V. and Brant, R. and Studholme, C. and Liu, M. and Synnes, A. and Poskitt, K.J. and Stiver, M.L. and Tam, E.W.Y.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.12.024

Sculpting infant soothability: the role of prenatal SSRI antidepressant exposure and neonatal SLC6A4 methylation status

Developmental Psychobiology

Gartstein, M.A. and Hookenson, K.V. and Brain, U. and Devlin, A.M. and Grunau, R.E. and Oberlander, T.F.

DOI: 10.1002/dev.21414

Higher cortisol is associated with poorer executive functioning in preschool children: The role of parenting stress, parent coping and quality of daycare

Child Neuropsychology

Wagner, S.L. and Cepeda, I. and Krieger, D. and Maggi, S. and D?Angiulli, A. and Weinberg, J. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2015.1080232

Early postnatal docosahexaenoic acid levels and improved preterm brain development

Pediatric Research

Tam, E.W.Y. and Chau, V. and Barkovich, A.J. and Ferriero, D.M. and Miller, S.P. and Rogers, E.E. and Grunau, R.E. and Synnes, A.R. and Xu, D. and Foong, J. and Brant, R. and Innis, S.M.

DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.11

Surface displacement based shape analysis of central brain structures in preterm-born children

Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE

Garg, A. and Grunau, R.E. and Popuri, K. and Miller, S. and Bjornson, B. and Poskitt, K.J. and Beg, M.F.

DOI: 10.1117/12.2216914

Sensory processing patterns in children born very preterm

American Journal of Occupational Therapy

Crozier, S.C. and Goodson, J.Z. and Mackay, M.L. and Synnes, A.R. and Grunau, R.E. and Miller, S.P. and Zwicker, J.G.

DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2016.018747

Altered Network Oscillations and Functional Connectivity Dynamics in Children Born Very Preterm

Brain Topography

Moiseev, A. and Doesburg, S.M. and Herdman, A.T. and Ribary, U. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1007/s10548-014-0416-0

Predicting severe motor impairment in preterm children at age 5 years

Archives of Disease in Childhood

Synnes, A. and Anderson, P.J. and Grunau, R.E. and Dewey, D. and Moddemann, D. and Tin, W. and Davis, P.G. and Doyle, L.W. and Foster, G. and Khairy, M. and Nwaesei, C. and Schmidt, B. and D{'}Ilario, J. and Cairnie, J. and Dix, J. and Adams, B.A. and Warriner, E. and Kim, M.-H.M. and Argus, B. and Callanan, C. and Davis, N. and Duff, J. and McDonald, M. and Asztalos, E. and Hohn, D. and Lacy, M. and Haslam, R. and Barnett, C. and Goodchild, L. and Lontis, R.M. and Fraser, S. and Keng, J. and Saunders, K. and Opie, G. and Kelly, E. and Woods, H. and Marchant, E. and Turner, A.-M. and Magrath, E. and Williamson, A. and Bairam, A. and B{\'e}langer, S. and Fraser, A. and Blayney, M. and Lemyre, B. and Frank, J. and Solimano, A. and Hubber-Richard, P. and Rogers, M. and Mackay, M. and Petrie-Thomas, J. and Butt, A. and Van Wassenaer, A. and Nuytemans, D. and Houtzager, B. and Van Sonderen, L. and Regev, R. and Itzchack, N. and Arnon, S. and Chalaf, A. and Ohlsson, A. and O{'}Brien, K. and Hamilton, A.-M. and Chan, M.L. and Sankaran, K. and Proctor, P. and Golan, A. and Goldsch-Lerman, E. and Reynolds, G. and Dromgool, B. and Meskell, A. and Parr, V. and Maher, C. and Broom, M. and Kecskes, Z. and Ringland, C. and McMillan, D. and Spellen, E. and Sauve, R.S. and Christianson, H. and Anseeuw-Deeks, D. and Creighton, D. and Heath, J. and Alvaro, R. and Chiu, A. and Porter, C. and Turner, G. and Granke, N. and Penner, K. and Bow, J. and Mulder, A. and Wassenberg, R. and Van Der Hoeven, M. and Clarke, M. and Parfitt, J. and Parker, K. and Ryan, H. and Saunders, C. and Schulze, A. and Wermuth, I. and Hilgendorff, A. and Flemmer, A.W. and Herlenius, E. and Legnevall, L. and Lagercrantz, H. and Matthew, D. and Amos, W. and Tulsiani, S. and Tan-Dy, C. and Turner, M. and Phelan, C. and Shinwell, E.S. and Levine, M. and Juster-Reicher, A. and Grier, P. and Vachon, J. and Perepolkin, L. and Barrington, K.J. and Sinha, S.K. and Fritz, S. and Walti, H. and Royer, D. and Halliday, H. and Millar, D. and Mayes, C. and McCusker, C. and McLaughlin, O. and Fahnenstich, H. and Tillmann, B. and Weber, P. and Wariyar, U. and Embleton, N. and Swamy, R. and Bucher, H.U. and Fauchere, J.-C. and Dietz, V. and Harikumar, C.

DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2014-307695

Minimum variance beamformer weights revisited

NeuroImage

Moiseev, A. and Doesburg, S.M. and Grunau, R.E. and Ribary, U.

DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.06.079

How do babies feel pain?

eLife

Ranger, M. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.07552

Parent ratings of child cognition and language compared with Bayley-III in preterm 3-year-olds

Early Human Development

Perra, O. and McGowan, J.E. and Grunau, R.E. and Doran, J.B. and Craig, S. and Johnston, L. and Jenkins, J. and Holmes, V.A. and Alderdice, F.A.

DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.009

Prediction of motor function in very preterm infants using connectome features and local synthetic instances

Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)

Brown, C.J. and Miller, S.P. and Booth, B.G. and Poskitt, K.J. and Chau, V. and Synnes, A.R. and Zwicker, J.G. and Grunau, R.E. and Hamarneh, G.

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24553-9_9

Early childhood neurodevelopment after intrauterine growth restriction: A systematic review

Pediatrics

Levine, T.A. and Grunau, R.E. and McAuliffe, F.M. and Pinnamaneni, R.M. and Foran, A. and Alderdice, F.A.

DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-1143

Neonatal Pain and Infection Relate to Smaller Cerebellum in Very Preterm Children at School Age

Journal of Pediatrics

Ranger, M. and Zwicker, J.G. and Chau, C.M.Y. and Park, M.T.M. and Chakravarthy, M.M. and Poskitt, K. and Miller, S.P. and Bjornson, B.H. and Tam, E.W.Y. and Chau, V. and Synnes, A.R. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.04.055

Tract-based spatial statistics in preterm-born neonates predicts cognitive and motor outcomes at 18 months

American Journal of Neuroradiology

Duerden, E.G. and Foong, J. and Chau, V. and Branson, H. and Poskitt, K.J. and Grunau, R.E. and Synnes, A. and Zwicker, J.G. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A4312

Stress in parents of children born very preterm is predicted by child externalising behaviour and parent coping at age 7 years

Archives of Disease in Childhood

Linden, M.A. and Cepeda, I.L. and Synnes, A. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2014-307390

Social variables predict gains in cognitive scores across the preschool years in children with birth weights 500 to 1250 grams

Journal of Pediatrics

Manley, B.J. and Roberts, R.S. and Doyle, L.W. and Schmidt, B. and Anderson, P.J. and Barrington, K.J. and B{\"o}hm, B. and Golan, A. and Van Wassenaer-Leemhuis, A.G. and Davis, P.G. and D{'}Ilario, J. and Cairnie, J. and Dix, J. and Adams, B.A. and Warriner, E. and Kim, M.-H.M. and Argus, B. and Callanan, C. and Duff, J. and McDonald, M. and Asztalos, E. and Hohn, D. and Lacy, M. and Haslam, R. and Barnett, C. and Goodchild, L. and Lontis, R.M. and Fraser, S. and Keng, J. and Saunders, K. and Opie, G. and Kelly, E. and Woods, H. and Marchant, E. and Turner, A.-M. and Davis, N. and Magrath, E. and Williamson, A. and Bairam, A. and Belanger, S. and Fraser, A. and Blayney, M. and Lemyre, B. and Frank, J. and Solimano, A. and Synnes, A. and Grunau, R.E. and Hubber-Richard, P. and Rogers, M. and Mackay, M. and Petrie-Thomas, J. and Butt, A. and Van Wassenaer, A. and Nuytemans, D. and Houtzager, B. and Van Sonderen, L. and Regev, R. and Itzchack, N. and Arnon, S. and Chalaf, A. and Ohlsson, A. and O{'}Brien, K. and Hamilton, A.-M. and Chan, M.L. and Sankaran, K. and Proctor, P. and Goldsch-Lerman, E. and Reynolds, G. and Dromgool, B. and Meskell, S. and Parr, V. and Maher, C. and Broom, M. and Kecskes, Z. and Ringland, C. and McMillan, D. and Spellen, E. and Sauve, R.S. and Christianson, H. and Anseeuw-Deeks, D. and Creighton, D. and Heath, J. and Alvaro, R. and Chiu, A. and Porter, C. and Turner, G. and Moddemann, D. and Granke, N. and Penner, K. and Bow, J. and Mulder, A. and Wassenberg, R. and Van Der Hoeven, M. and Clarke, M. and Parfitt, J. and Parker, K. and Nwaesei, C. and Ryan, H. and Saunders, C. and Schulze, A. and Wermuth, I. and Hilgendorff, A. and Flemmer, A.W. and Herlenius, E. and Legnevall, L. and Lagercrantz, H. and Matthew, D. and Amos, W. and Tulsiani, S. and Tan-Dy, C. and Turner, M. and Phelan, C. and Shinwell, E.S. and Levine, M. and Juster-Reicher, A. and Khairy, M. and Grier, P. and Vachon, J. and Perepolkin, L. and Sinha, S.K. and Tin, W. and Fritz, S. and Walti, H. and Royer, D. and Halliday, H. and Millar, D. and Mayes, C. and McCusker, C. and McLaughlin, O. and Fahnenstich, H. and Tillmann, B. and Weber, P. and Wariyar, U. and Embleton, N. and Swamy, R. and Bucher, H.U. and Fauchere, J.-C. and Dietz, V. and Harikumar, C. and Dewey, D. and Gent, M. and Fraser, W. and Hey, E. and Perlman, M. and Thorpe, K. and Gray, S. and Chambers, C. and Costantini, L. and Yacura, W. and McGean, E. and Scapinello, L.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.12.016

Magnetoencephalography: Neurophysiologic imaging for perinatal brain development

NeoReviews

Cheung, T.P.L. and Grunau, R.E. and Synnes, A. and Eswaran, H. and Doesburg, S.M.

DOI: 10.1542/neo.16-9-e544

Automatic segmentation of the hippocampus for preterm neonates from early-in-life to term-equivalent age

NeuroImage: Clinical

Guo, T. and Winterburn, J.L. and Pipitone, J. and Duerden, E.G. and Park, M.T.M. and Chau, V. and Poskitt, K.J. and Grunau, R.E. and Synnes, A. and Miller, S.P. and Mallar Chakravarty, M.

DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.07.019

Cortisol levels in former preterm children at school age are predicted by neonatal procedural pain-related stress

Psychoneuroendocrinology

Brummelte, S. and Chau, C.M.Y. and Cepeda, I.L. and Degenhardt, A. and Weinberg, J. and Synnes, A.R. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.09.018

Internalizing behaviours in school-age children born very preterm are predicted by neonatal pain and morphine exposure

European Journal of Pain (United Kingdom)

Ranger, M. and Synnes, A.R. and Vinall, J. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00431.x

Neonatal pain and comt Val158Met genotype in relation to serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) promoter methylation in very preterm children at school age

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience

Chau, C.M.Y. and Ranger, M. and Sulistyoningrum, D. and Devlin, A.M. and Obertander, T.F. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00409

Neonatal pain control and neurologic effects of anesthetics and sedatives in preterm infants

Clinics in Perinatology

McPherson, C. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2013.10.002

Reduction in developmental coordination disorder with neonatal caffeine therapy

Journal of Pediatrics

Doyle, L.W. and Schmidt, B. and Anderson, P.J. and Davis, P.G. and Moddemann, D. and Grunau, R.E. and O{'}Brien, K. and Sankaran, K. and Herlenius, E. and Roberts, R.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.04.016

Five-year follow-up of effects of neonatal intensive care and morphine infusion during mechanical ventilation on diurnal cortisol rhythm

Journal of Pediatrics

De Graaf, J. and Van Den Akker, E.L.T. and Van Lingen, R.A. and Groot Jebbink, L.J.M. and De Jong, F.H. and Grunau, R.E. and Van Dijk, M. and Tibboel, D.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.05.047

Impact of repeated procedural pain-related stress in infants born very preterm

Pediatric Research

Vinall, J. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.16

Training highly qualified health research personnel: The Pain in child Health consortium

Pain Research and Management

Von Baeyer, C.L. and Stevens, B.J. and Chambers, C.T. and Craig, K.D. and Finley, G.A. and Grunau, R.E. and Johnston, C.C. and Riddell, R.P. and Stinson, J.N. and Dol, J. and Campbell-Yeo, M. and McGrath, P.J.

DOI: 10.1155/2014/692857

Early repetitive pain in preterm infants in relation to the developing brain

Pain management

Ranger, M. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.2217/pmt.13.61

Manually segmented template library for 8-year-old pediatric brain MRI data with 16 subcortical structures

Journal of Medical Imaging

Garg, A. and Wong, D. and Popuri, K. and Poskitt, K.J. and Fitzpatrick, K. and Bjornson, B. and Grunau, R.E. and Beg, M.F.

DOI: 10.1117/1.JMI.1.3.034502

Invasive procedures in preterm children: Brain and cognitive development at school age

Pediatrics

Vinall, J. and Miller, S.P. and Bjornson, B.H. and Fitzpatrick, K.P.V. and Poskitt, K.J. and Brant, R. and Synnes, A.R. and Cepeda, I.L. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-1863

Prenatal serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) antidepressant exposure and serotonin transporter promoter genotype (SLC6A4) influence executive functions at 6 years of age

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

Weikum, W.M. and Brain, U. and Chau, C.M.Y. and Grunau, R.E. and Boyce, W.T. and Diamond, A. and Oberlander, T.F.

DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00180

The impact of prenatal serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) antidepressant exposure and maternal mood on mother-infant interactions at 3 months of age

Infant Behavior and Development

Weikum, W.M. and Mayes, L.C. and Grunau, R.E. and Brain, U. and Oberlander, T.F.

DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2013.04.001

Perceived Stress and Canadian Early Childcare Educators

Child and Youth Care Forum

Wagner, S.L. and Forer, B. and Cepeda, I.L. and Goelman, H. and Maggi, S. and D{'}Angiulli, A. and Wessel, J. and Hertzman, C. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1007/s10566-012-9187-5

Score for neonatal acute physiology-II and neonatal pain predict Corticospinal tract development in premature newborns

Pediatric Neurology

Zwicker, J.G. and Grunau, R.E. and Adams, E. and Chau, V. and Brant, R. and Poskitt, K.J. and Synnes, A. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2012.10.016

Neonatal pain-related stress, functional cortical activity and visual-perceptual abilities in school-age children born at extremely low gestational age

Pain

Doesburg, S.M. and Chau, C.M. and Cheung, T.P.L. and Moiseev, A. and Ribary, U. and Herdman, A.T. and Miller, S.P. and Cepeda, I.L. and Synnes, A. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.04.009

Neonatal Pain-Related Stress Predicts Cortical Thickness at Age 7 Years in Children Born Very Preterm

PLoS ONE

Ranger, M. and Chau, C.M.Y. and Garg, A. and Woodward, T.S. and Beg, M.F. and Bjornson, B. and Poskitt, K. and Fitzpatrick, K. and Synnes, A.R. and Miller, S.P. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076702

Resuscitation intensity at birth is associated with changes in brain metabolic development in preterm neonates

Neuroradiology

Duerden, E.G. and Brown-Lum, M. and Chau, V. and Poskitt, K.J. and Grunau, R.E. and Synnes, A. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1007/s00234-013-1243-9

Region-specific slowing of alpha oscillations is associated with visual-perceptual abilities in children born very preterm

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

Doesburg, S.M. and Moiseev, A. and Herdman, A.T. and Ribary, U. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00791

Prenatal and postnatal inflammation in relation to cortisol levels in preterm infants at 18 months corrected age

Journal of Perinatology

Gover, A. and Chau, V. and Miller, S.P. and Brant, R. and Mcfadden, D.E. and Poskitt, K.J. and Synnes, A. and Weinberg, J. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1038/jp.2013.24

Neonatal Pain-Related Stress and NFKBIA Genotype Are Associated with Altered Cortisol Levels in Preterm Boys at School Age

PLoS ONE

Grunau, R.E. and Cepeda, I.L. and Chau, C.M.Y. and Brummelte, S. and Weinberg, J. and Lavoie, P.M. and Ladd, M. and Hirschfeld, A.F. and Russell, E. and Koren, G. and Van Uum, S. and Brant, R. and Turvey, S.E.

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073926

Long term effects of pain-related stress on neurodevelopment and pain perception of infants born very prematurely,Effets long terme du stress li la douleur sur le neurodveloppement et la perception de la douleur chez les enfants trs grands prmaturs

Enfance

Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.4074/S0013754513001043

Parent behaviors moderate the relationship between neonatal pain and internalizing behaviors at 18 months corrected age in children born very prematurely

Pain

Vinall, J. and Miller, S.P. and Synnes, A.R. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.05.050

Hair cortisol reflects socio-economic factors and hair zinc in preschoolers

Psychoneuroendocrinology

Vaghri, Z. and Guhn, M. and Weinberg, J. and Grunau, R.E. and Yu, W. and Hertzman, C.

DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.06.009

Electroencephalographic activity in response to procedural pain in preterm infants born at 28 and 33 weeks gestational age

Clinical Journal of Pain

Maimon, N. and Grunau, R.E. and Cepeda, I.L. and Friger, M. and Selnovik, L. and Gilat, S. and Shany, E.

DOI: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e318284e525

Abnormal brain maturation in preterm neonates associated with adverse developmental outcomes

Neurology

Chau, V. and Synnes, A. and Grunau, R.E. and Poskitt, K.J. and Brant, R. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000437298.43688.b9

Slower postnatal growth is associated with delayed cerebral cortical maturation in preterm newborns

Science Translational Medicine

Vinall, J. and Grunau, R.E. and Brant, R. and Chau, V. and Poskitt, K.J. and Synnes, A.R. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004666

Focused attention, heart rate deceleration, and cognitive development in preterm and full-term infants

Developmental Psychobiology

Petrie Thomas, J.H. and Whitfield, M.F. and Oberlander, T.F. and Synnes, A.R. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1002/dev.20597

Survival without disability to age 5 years after neonatal caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity

JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association

Schmidt, B. and Anderson, P.J. and Doyle, L.W. and Dewey, D. and Grunau, R.E. and Asztalos, E.V. and Davis, P.G. and Tin, W. and Moddemann, D. and Solimano, A. and Ohlsson, A. and Barrington, K.J. and Roberts, R.S.

DOI: 10.1001/jama.2011.2024

Neonatal pain in relation to postnatal growth in infants born very preterm

Pain

Vinall, J. and Miller, S.P. and Chau, V. and Brummelte, S. and Synnes, A.R. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.02.007

Single course of antenatal steroids did not alter cortisol in preterm infants up to 18 months

Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics

Gover, A. and Brummelte, S. and Synnes, A.R. and Miller, S.P. and Brant, R. and Weinberg, J. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2012.02629.x

Procedural pain and brain development in premature newborns

Annals of Neurology

Brummelte, S. and Grunau, R.E. and Chau, V. and Poskitt, K.J. and Brant, R. and Vinall, J. and Gover, A. and Synnes, A.R. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1002/ana.22267

Frontal EEG/ERP correlates of attentional processes, cortisol and motivational states in adolescents from lower and higher socioeconomic status

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

D{'}Angiulli, A. and Van Roon, P.M. and Weinberg, J. and Oberlander, T.F. and Grunau, R.E. and Hertzman, C. and Maggi, S.

DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00306

Magnetoencephalography reveals slowing of resting peak oscillatory frequency in children born very preterm

Pediatric Research

Doesburg, S.M. and Ribary, U. and Herdman, A.T. and Moiseev, A. and Cheung, T. and Miller, S.P. and Poskitt, K.J. and Weinberg, H. and Whitfield, M.F. and Synnes, A. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1203/PDR.0b013e3182225a9e

Declining cognitive development from 8 to 18months in preterm children predicts persisting higher parenting stress

Early Human Development

Brummelte, S. and Grunau, R.E. and Synnes, A.R. and Whitfield, M.F. and Petrie-Thomas, J.

DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2011.01.030

Altered long-range alpha-band synchronization during visual short-term memory retention in children born very preterm

NeuroImage

Doesburg, S.M. and Ribary, U. and Herdman, A.T. and Miller, S.P. and Poskitt, K.J. and Moiseev, A. and Whitfield, M.F. and Synnes, A. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.044

Cortisol levels in relation to maternal interaction and child internalizing behavior in preterm and full-term children at 18 months corrected age

Developmental Psychobiology

Brummelte, S. and Grunau, R.E. and Zaidman-Zait, A. and Weinberg, J. and Nordstokke, D. and Cepeda, I.L.

DOI: 10.1002/dev.20511

Preterm birth: Preterm cerebellar growth impairment after postnatal exposure to glucocorticoids

Science Translational Medicine

Tam, E.W.Y. and Chau, V. and Ferriero, D.M. and Barkovich, A.J. and Poskitt, K.J. and Studholme, C. and Fok, E.D.-Y. and Grunau, R.E. and Glidden, D.V. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3002884

Cortisol, behavior, and heart rate reactivity to immunization pain at 4 months corrected age in infants born very preterm

Clinical Journal of Pain

Grunau, R.E. and Tu, M.T. and Whitfield, M.F. and Oberlander, T.F. and Weinberg, J. and Yu, W. and Thiessen, P. and Gosse, G. and Scheifele, D.

DOI: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e3181e5bb00

Considerations for using sucrose to reduce procedural pain in preterm infants

Pediatrics

Holsti, L. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1542/peds.2009-2445

Tractography-Based Quantitation of Corticospinal Tract Development in Premature Newborns

Journal of Pediatrics

Adams, E. and Chau, V. and Poskitt, K.J. and Grunau, R.E. and Synnes, A. and Miller, S.P.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.12.030

Long-range synchronization and local desynchronization of alpha oscillations during visual short-term memory retention in children

Experimental Brain Research

Doesburg, S.M. and Herdman, A.T. and Ribary, U. and Cheung, T. and Moiseev, A. and Weinberg, H. and Liotti, M. and Weeks, D. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1007/s00221-009-2086-9

School entry age outcomes for infants with birth weight =800 grams

Journal of Pediatrics

Synnes, A.R. and Anson, S. and Arkesteijn, A. and Butt, A. and Grunau, R.E. and Rogers, M. and Whitfield, M.F.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.06.016

Prenatal alcohol exposure alters biobehavioral reactivity to pain in newborns

Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research

Oberlander, T.F. and Jacobson, S.W. and Weinberg, J. and Grunau, R.E. and Molteno, C.D. and Jacobson, J.L.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.01137.x

Physiological correlates of memory recall in infancy: Vagal tone, cortisol, and imitation in preterm and full-term infants at 6 months

Infant Behavior and Development

Haley, D.W. and Grunau, R.E. and Weinberg, J. and Keidar, A. and Oberlander, T.F.

DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2009.10.007

Ethics in neuroscience graduate training programs: Views and models from Canada

Mind, Brain, and Education

Lombera, S. and Fine, A. and Grunau, R.E. and Illes, J.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-228X.2009.01079.x

Antenatal depression and anxiety affect postpartum parenting stress: A longitudinal, prospective study

Canadian Journal of Psychiatry

Misri, S. and Kendrick, K. and Oberlander, T.F. and Norris, S. and Tomfohr, L. and Zhang, H. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1177/070674371005500405

Prenatal effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants, serotonin transporter promoter genotype (SLC6A4), and maternal mood on child behavior at 3 years of age

Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine

Oberlander, T.F. and Papsdorf, M. and Brain, U.M. and Misri, S. and Ross, C. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.51

Altered long-range phase synchronization and cortical activation in children born very preterm

IFMBE Proceedings

Doesburg, S.M. and Ribary, U. and Herdman, A.T. and Cheung, T. and Moiseev, A. and Weinberg, H. and Whitfield, M.F. and Synnes, A. and Liotti, M. and Weeks, D. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-12197-5_57

Pain and distress reactivity and recovery as early predictors of temperament in toddlers born preterm

Early Human Development

Klein, V.C. and Gaspardo, C.M. and Martinez, F.E. and Grunau, R.E. and Linhares, M.B.M.

DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2009.06.001

Neonatal pain, parenting stress and interaction, in relation to cognitive and motor development at 8 and 18 months in preterm infants

Pain

Grunau, R.E. and Whitfield, M.F. and Petrie-Thomas, J. and Synnes, A.R. and Cepeda, I.L. and Keidar, A. and Rogers, M. and MacKay, M. and Hubber-Richard, P. and Johannesen, D.

DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2009.02.014

Is it painful or not? Discriminant validity of the Behavioral Indicators of Infant Pain (BIIP) scale

Clinical Journal of Pain

Holsti, L. and Grunau, R.E. and Oberlander, T.F. and Osiovich, H.

DOI: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e318158c5e5

Long-term outcome after neonatal intraparenchymal echodensities with porencephaly

Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition

Sherlock, R.L. and Synnes, A.R. and Grunau, R.E. and Holsti, L. and Hubber-Richard, P. and Johannesen, D. and Whitfield, M.F.

DOI: 10.1136/adc.2006.110726

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function in 3-month old infants with prenatal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant exposure

Early Human Development

Oberlander, T.F. and Grunau, R. and Mayes, L. and Riggs, W. and Rurak, D. and Papsdorf, M. and Misri, S. and Weinberg, J.

DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.06.008

Prenatal exposure to maternal depression, neonatal methylation of human glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) and infant cortisol stress responses

Epigenetics

Oberlander, T.F. and Weinberg, J. and Papsdorf, M. and Grunau, R. and Misri, S. and Devlin, A.M.

DOI: 10.4161/epi.3.2.6034

Contingency learning and reactivity in preterm and full-term infants at 3 months

Infancy

Haley, D.W. and Grunau, R.E. and Oberlander, T.F. and Weinberg, J.

DOI: 10.1080/15250000802458682

Initial validation of the Behavioral Indicators of Infant Pain (BIIP)

Pain

Holsti, L. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2007.01.033

Maternal stress and behavior modulate relationships between neonatal stress, attention, and basal cortisol at 8 months in preterm infants

Developmental Psychobiology

Mai, T.T. and Grunau, R.E. and Petrie-Thomas, J. and Haley, D.W. and Weinberg, J. and Whitfield, M.F.

DOI: 10.1002/dev.20204

Altered Basal Cortisol Levels at 3, 6, 8 and 18 Months in Infants Born at Extremely Low Gestational Age

Journal of Pediatrics

Grunau, R.E. and Haley, D.W. and Whitfield, M.F. and Weinberg, J. and Yu, W. and Thiessen, P.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.10.053

Relationships between adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol are altered during clustered nursing care in preterm infants born at extremely low gestational age

Early Human Development

Holsti, L. and Weinberg, J. and Whitfield, M.F. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2006.08.005

Extremity movements help occupational therapists identify stress responses in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit: A systematic review

Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy

Holsti, L. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1177/000841740707400306

Externalizing and attentional behaviors in children of depressed mothers treated with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant during pregnancy

Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine

Oberlander, T.F. and Reebye, P. and Misri, S. and Papsdorf, M. and Kim, J. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.161.1.22

Magnetoencephalography study of brain dynamics in young children born extremely preterm

International Congress Series

Cepeda, I.L. and Grunau, R.E. and Weinberg, H. and Herdman, A.T. and Cheung, T. and Liotti, M. and Amir, A. and Synnes, A. and Whitfield, M.

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Biobehavioural reactivity to pain in preterm infants: A marker of neuromotor development

Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology

Grunau, R.E. and Whitfield, M.F. and Fay, T. and Holsti, L. and Oberlander, T. and Rogers, M.L.

DOI: 10.1017/S0012162206001010

Cortisol, contingency learning, and memory in preterm and full-term infants

Psychoneuroendocrinology

Haley, D.W. and Weinberg, J. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.06.007

Long-term consequences of pain in human neonates

Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine

Grunau, R.E. and Holsti, L. and Peters, J.W.B.

DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2006.02.007

A prospective controlled study of neurodevelopment in HIV-uninfected children exposed to combination antiretroviral drugs in pregnancy

Pediatrics

Alimenti, A. and Forbes, J.C. and Oberlander, T.F. and Money, D.M. and Grunau, R.E. and Papsdorf, M.P. and Maan, E. and Cole, L.J. and Burdge, D.R.

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Stereoselective disposition of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine during pregnancy and breast-feeding

British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology

Kim, J. and Riggs, K.W. and Misri, S. and Kent, N. and Oberlander, T.F. and Grunau, R.E. and Fitzgerald, C. and Rurak, D.W.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02538.x

Behavioral responses to pain are heightened after clustered care in preterm infants born between 30 and 32 weeks gestational age

Clinical Journal of Pain

Holsti, L. and Grunau, R.E. and Whifield, M.F. and Oberlander, T.F. and Lindh, V.

DOI: 10.1097/01.ajp.0000210921.10912.47

Teenagers born at extremely low birth weight

Paediatrics and Child Health

Whitfield, M.F. and Grunau, R.E.

Internalizing behaviors in 4-year-old children exposed in utero to psychotropic medications

American Journal of Psychiatry

Misri, S. and Reebye, P. and Kendrick, K. and Carter, D. and Ryan, D. and Grunau, R.E. and Oberlander, T.F.

DOI: 10.1176/ajp.2006.163.6.1026

Body movements: An important additional factor in discriminating pain from stress in preterm infants

Clinical Journal of Pain

Holsti, L. and Grunau, R.E. and Oberlander, T.F. and Whitfield, M.F. and Weinberg, J.

DOI: 10.1097/01.ajp.0000146163.30776.44

Aerobic capacity, strength, flexibility, and activity level in unimpaired extremely low birth weight (=800 g) survivors at 17 years of age compared with term-born control subjects

Pediatrics

Rogers, M. and Fay, T.B. and Whitfield, M.F. and Tomlinson, J. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1542/peds.2004-1603

Neonatal procedural pain exposure predicts lower cortisol and behavioral reactivity in preterm infants in the NICU

Pain

Grunau, R.E. and Holsti, L. and Haley, D.W. and Oberlander, T. and Weinberg, J. and Solimano, A. and Whitfield, M.F. and Fitzgerald, C. and Yu, W.

DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2004.10.020

Pain reactivity in 2-month-old infants after prenatal and postnatal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medication exposure

Pediatrics

Oberlander, T.F. and Grunau, R.E. and Fitzgerald, C. and Papsdorf, M. and Rurak, D. and Riggs, W.

DOI: 10.1542/peds.2004-0420

Prior pain induces heightened motor responses during clustered care in preterm infants in the NICU

Early Human Development

Holsti, L. and Grunau, R.E. and Oberlander, T.F. and Whitfield, M.F.

DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2004.08.002

Does Prone or Supine Position Influence Pain Responses in Preterm Infants at 32 Weeks Gestational Age?

Clinical Journal of Pain

Grunau, R.E. and Linhares, M.B.M. and Holsti, L. and Oberlander, T.F. and Whitfield, M.F.

DOI: 10.1097/00002508-200403000-00003

Specific newborn individualized developmental care and assessment program movements are associated with acute pain in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit

Pediatrics

Holsti, L. and Grunau, R.E. and Oberlander, T.F. and Whitfield, M.F.

DOI: 10.1542/peds.114.1.65

Neonatal procedural pain and preterm infant cortisol response to novelty at 8 months.

Pediatrics

Grunau, R.E. and Weinberg, J. and Whitfield, M.F.

DOI: 10.1542/peds.114.1.e77

Psychosocial and academic characteristics of extremely low birth weight (=800 g) adolescents who are free of major impairment compared with term-born control subjects

Pediatrics

Grunau, R.E. and Whitfield, M.F. and Fay, T.B.

DOI: 10.1542/peds.2004-0932

Are there developmentally distinct motor indicators of pain in preterm infants?

Early Human Development

Morison, S.J. and Holsti, L. and Grunau, R.E. and Whitfield, M.F. and Oberlander, T.F. and Chan, H.W.P. and Williams, L.

DOI: 10.1016/S0378-3782(03)00044-6

Neonatal Facial Coding System for Assessing Postoperative Pain in Infants: Item Reduction is Valid and Feasible

Clinical Journal of Pain

Peters, J.W.B. and Koot, H.M. and Grunau, R.E. and De Boer, J. and Van Druenen, M.J. and Tibboel, D. and Duivenvoorden, H.J.

DOI: 10.1097/00002508-200311000-00003

Pattern of learning disabilities in children with extremely low birth weight and broadly average intelligence

Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine

Grunau, R.E. and Whitfield, M.F. and Davis, C.

DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.156.6.615

Prolonged prenatal psychotropic medication exposure alters neonatal acute pain response

Pediatric Research

Oberlander, T.F. and Grunau, R.E. and Fitzgerald, C. and Ellwood, A.-L. and Misri, S. and Rurak, D. and Riggs, K.W.

DOI: 10.1203/00006450-200204000-00008

Pain in vulnerable infants

Clinics in Perinatology

Stevens, B. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1016/S0095-5108(02)00023-4

Does parenchymal brain injury affect biobehavioral pain responses in very low birth weight infants at 32 weeks' postconceptional age?

Pediatrics

Oberlander, T.F. and Grunau, R.E. and Fitzgerald, C. and Whitfield, M.F.

DOI: 10.1542/peds.110.3.570

Early pain in preterm infants: A model of long-term effects

Clinics in Perinatology

Eckstein Grunau, R.

DOI: 10.1016/S0095-5108(02)00012-X

Affect expression in prenatally psychotropic exposed and nonexposed mother-infant dyads

Infant Mental Health Journal

Reebye, P.N. and Morison, S.J. and Panikkar, H. and Misri, S. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1002/imhj.10025

Developmental coordination disorder in extremely low birth weight children at nine years

Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics

Holsti, L. and Grunau, R.V.E. and Whitfield, M.F.

DOI: 10.1097/00004703-200202000-00002

Preventive medicine

Primary Care - Clinics in Office Practice

Eckstein Grunau, R.

DOI: 10.1016/S0095-4543(02)00020-9

Pain reactivity in former extremely low birth weight infants at corrected age 8 months compared with term born controls

Infant Behavior and Development

Eckstein Grunau, R. and Oberlander, T.F. and Whitfield, M.F. and Fitzgerald, C. and Morison, S.J. and Philip Saul, J.

DOI: 10.1016/S0163-6383(01)00065-0

Consensus statement for the prevention and management of pain in the newborn

Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine

Anand, K.J.S. and Aynsley-Green, A. and Bancalari, E. and Benini, F. and Champion, G.D. and Craig, K.D. and Dangel, T.S. and Fournier-Charri{\`e}re, E. and Franck, L.S. and Grunau, R.E. and Hertel, S.A. and Jacqz-Aigrain, E. and Jorch, G. and Kopelman, B.I. and Koren, G. and Larsson, B. and Marlow, N. and McIntosh, N. and Ohlsson, A. and Olsson, G. and Porter, F. and Richter, R. and Stevens, B. and Taddio, A.

DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.155.2.173

Demographic and therapeutic determinants of pain reactivity in very low birth weight neonates at 32 weeks' postconceptional age

Pediatrics

Grunau, R.E. and Oberlander, T.F. and Whitfield, M.F. and Fitzgerald, C. and Lee, S.K.

DOI: 10.1542/peds.107.1.105

Relations between behavioral and cardiac autonomic reactivity to acute pain in preterm neonates

Clinical Journal of Pain

Morison, S.J. and Grunau, R.E. and Oberlander, T.F. and Whitfield, M.F.

DOI: 10.1097/00002508-200112000-00010

Predicting IQ of biologically "at risk" children from age 3 to school entry: Sensitivity and specificity of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale IV

Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics

Grunau, R.E. and Whitfield, M.F. and Petrie, J.

DOI: 10.1097/00004703-200012000-00001

Behavior, pain perception, and the extremely low-birth weight survivor

Clinics in Perinatology

Whitfield, M.F. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1016/S0095-5108(05)70026-9

Are twitches, startles, and body movements pain indicators in extremely low birth weight infants?

Clinical Journal of Pain

Grunau, R.E. and Holsti, L. and Whitfield, M.F. and Ling, E.

DOI: 10.1097/00002508-200003000-00007

Biobehavioral pain responses in former extremely low birth weight infants at four months' corrected age

Pediatrics

Oberlander, T.F. and Grunau, R.E. and Whitfield, M.F. and Fitzgerald, C. and Pitfield, S. and Philip Saul, J.

DOI: 10.1542/peds.105.1.e6

The developmental character of cardiac autonomic responses to an acute noxious event in 4-and 8-month-old healthy infants

Pediatric Research

Oberlander, T.F. and Grunau, R.E. and Pitfield, S. and Whitfield, M.F. and Saul, J.P.

DOI: 10.1203/00006450-199904010-00011

Long-term effects of pain in infants

Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics

Porter, F.L. and Grunau, R.E. and Anand, K.J.S.

DOI: 10.1097/00004703-199908000-00008

Morphine pharmacokinetics and pain assessment in premature newborns

Journal of Pediatrics

Scott, C.S. and Riggs, K.W. and Ling, E.W. and Fitzgerald, C.E. and Hill, M.L. and Grunau, R.V.E. and Solimano, A. and Craig, K.D.

DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(99)70163-0

Children's judgements about pain at age 8-10 years: Do extremely low birthweight (= 1000 g) children differ from full birthweight peers

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines

Grunau, R.E. and Whitfield, M.F. and Petrie, J.

DOI: 10.1017/S0021963098002406

Bedside application of the neonatal facial coding system in pain assessment of premature neonates

Pain

Grunau, R.E. and Oberlander, T. and Holsti, L. and Whitfield, M.F.

DOI: 10.1016/S0304-3959(98)00046-3

Long-term effects of pain

Research and Clinical Forums

Grunau, R.E.

Developmental character and long-term consequences of pain in infants and children

Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America

Anand, K.S. and Grunau, R.E. and Oberlander, T.F.

DOI: 10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30274-8

Judging pain in infants: Behavioural, contextual, and developmental determinants

Pain

Hadjistavropoulos, H.D. and Craig, K.D. and Grunau, R.E. and Whitfield, M.F.

DOI: 10.1016/S0304-3959(97)00113-9

The expression of pain in infants and toddlers: Developmental changes in facial action

Pain

Lilley, C.M. and Craig, K.D. and Grunau, R.E.

DOI: 10.1016/S0304-3959(97)00034-1

Extremely premature (= 800 g) schoolchildren: Multiple areas of hidden disability

Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition

Whitfield, M.F. and Grunau, R.V.E. and Holsti, L.

DOI: 10.1136/fn.77.2.F85

Issues of Assessment of Pain and Discomfort in Neonates

Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing

Stevens, B.J. and Johnston, C.C. and Grunau, R.V.E.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1552-6909.1995.tb02570.x

Early pain experience, child and family factors, as precursors of somatization: a prospective study of extremely premature and fullterm children

Pain

Grunau, R.V.E. and Whitfield, M.F. and Petrie, J.H. and Fryer, E.L.

DOI: 10.1016/0304-3959(94)90174-0

A comparison of two measures of facial activity during pain in the newborn child

Journal of Pediatric Psychology

Craig, K.D. and Hadjistavropoulos, H.D. and Grunau, R.V.E. and Whitfield, M.F.

DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/19.3.305

Pain sensitivity and temperament in extremely low-birth-weight premature toddlers and preterm and full-term controls

Pain

Grunau, R.V.E. and Whitfield, M.F. and Petrie, J.H.

DOI: 10.1016/0304-3959(94)90128-7

Judging pain in newborns: Facial and cry determinants

Journal of Pediatric Psychology

Hadjistavropoulos, H.D. and Craig, K.D. and Grunau, R.V.E. and Johnston, C.C.

DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/19.4.485

Pain in the preterm neonate: behavioural and physiological indices

Pain

Craig, K.D. and Whitfield, M.F. and Grunau, R.V.E. and Linton, J. and Hadjistavropoulos, H.D.

DOI: 10.1016/0304-3959(93)90162-I

Erratum: Pain in the preterm neonate: Behavioural and physiological indices (Pain, 52 (1993) 287-299)

Pain

Craig, K.D. and Whitfield, M.F. and Grunau, R.V.E. and Linton, J. and Hadjistavropoulos, H.D.

DOI: 10.1016/0304-3959(93)90106-Y

Developmental changes in pain expression in premature, full-term, two- and four-month-old infants

Pain

Johnston, C.C. and Stevens, B. and Craig, K.D. and Grunau, R.V.E.

DOI: 10.1016/0304-3959(93)90132-9

Neonatal responses to invasive procedures.

Nursing times

Grunau, R.

Language development at 3 years in pre-term children of birth weight below 1000 g

International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders

Grunau, R.V.E. and Kearney, S.M. and Whitfield, M.F.

DOI: 10.3109/13682829009011972

Neonatal facial and cry responses to invasive and non-invasive procedures

Pain

Grunau, R.V.E. and Johnston, C.C. and Craig, K.D.

DOI: 10.1016/0304-3959(90)91142-6

Pain expression in neonates: facial action and cry

Pain

Grunau, R.V.E. and Craig, K.D.

DOI: 10.1016/0304-3959(87)90073-X

Cognitive and task-related EEG correlates of arithmetic performance in adolescents.

Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology : official journal of the International Neuropsychological Society

Grunau, R.V. and Low, M.D.

DOI: 10.1080/01688638708410769

Identifying academic aptitude in adolescent children by psychological testing and EEG spectral analysis

Neuropsychologia

Grunau, R.V.E. and Purves, S.J. and McBurney, A.K. and Low, M.D.

DOI: 10.1016/0028-3932(81)90047-6

Neurological, psychological and educational sequelae of low birth weight

Brain and Development

Dunn, H. and Crichton, J. and Grunau, R. and McBurney, A.K. and McCormick, A. and Robertson, A. and Schulzer, M.

DOI: 10.1016/S0387-7604(80)80008-8

Effects of elaborative prompt condition and developmental level on the performance of addition problems by kindergarten children

Journal of Educational Psychology

Grunau, R.V.

DOI: 10.1037/0022-0663.70.3.422

Current Projects

The focus of my transdisciplinary research program is biobehavioural reactivity and infant neurodevelopment, broadly encompassing multiple aspects of infant arousal, self-regulation, attention, cognition and brain development in preterm and term born infants. My research program has been funded over the years primarily by the National Institutes of Health (NIH, USA) and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), as well as BCCHR and Michael Smith Foundation salary awards

Clinical practice of pain management in neonatal intensive care Unit (NICU) changed over the years from no concern with pain to widespread use of analgesia and sedation, however there are major gaps in knowledge of pain assessment in immature infants, and in long term effects of pain-related stress and pain medications. With the goal to improve pain assessment, we found that, along with recognized facial and heart rate changes, there are motor stress behaviors unique to premature infants (e.g. backward splaying of fingers). Conversely, other behaviors such as twitches and startles reflect sleep/waking state, and do not appear to be stress or pain cues. We established that greater exposure to neonatal pain-related stress in the NICU above and beyond multiple medical and neonatal risk factors, is associated with altered brain microstructure, white matter development, and cortical thinning on MRI and magnetoencephalography (MEG) oscillatory activity, as well as stress hormone (cortisol) expression, in turn related to cognitive development and internalizing behaviors, in infancy, early childhood and at school-age. Importantly, greater morphine exposure and sucrose use does not appear to prevent adverse long-term sequelae.

Notably, positive parent interaction style improved infant behavior, and ameliorated effects of early stress/pain exposure in very preterm infants.

In collaboration with geneticists in BCCHR, we identified some gene X environment (early pain/stress) interactions that modified long-term outcomes.

Grants

CIHR Operating Grant – Project: "Analgesia and sedation in the preterm neonate: brain development and outcome" (2014-2020)

Honours & Awards

Aubrey J. Tingle Prize, Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research 2021

Order of BC 2025

Jeffrey Lawson Award for Advocacy in Children’s Pain Relief, American Pain Society 2018

Rovee-Collier Mentor Award, International Society for Developmental Psychobiology, 2018

Outstanding Pain Mentorship Award, Canadian Pain Society 2019

Distinguished Career Award, International Association for the Study of Pain SIG Pain in Childhood 2019

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