
On Monday, October 6, 2025 The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025 to Dr. Mary E. Brunkow, Dr. Fred Ramsdell, and Dr. Shimon Sakaguchi for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance.

Central nervous system (CNS) tumours are growths of abnormal cells residing in either the brain or spinal cord. Not all tumours are necessarily cancerous; if a tumour lacks the ability to spread to other tissues then it is considered non-cancerous (benign). However, even benign tumours can still be dangerous in the brain or spinal cord…

Over the last 15 years, research into the gut microbiome — the ecosystem of microorganisms that reside in the gut — has garnered increasing attention. With the emergence of supplements and food products that claim to improve your gut health, the term “gut microbiome” has become a familiar idea to the general public.