Carolyn Brown

PhD

Affiliate Investigator, BC Children's Hospital

X chromosome inactivation occurs early during mammalian development to transcriptionally silence one of the pair of X chromosomes in females, thereby achieving dosage equivalence with males who have a single X chromosome and the sex-determining Y chromosome. Research in the lab is directed towards understanding both the mechanisms involved in the inactivation process and the clinical implications of X chromosome inactivation in females.

Academic Affiliations

  • Professor, , Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia
  • Research Theme: Healthy Starts
  • Research Group(s): Origins of Child Health and Disease; Rare Diseases

Contact Information

Location

Molecular Epigenetics Group Life Sciences Centre, Room 5506, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3

Impact of somatic XIST deletions on ongoing XIST expression and inactive X silencing and heterochromatin

Human Molecular Genetics

Karanveer S Bhangu and Christine Yang and Hannah J Illing and Carolyn J Brown

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaf160

12 / 2025

Human XIST: Origin and Divergence of a cis-Acting Silencing RNA

Non-Coding RNA

Mara Jos Navarro-Cobos and Carolyn J Brown

DOI: 10.3390/ncrna11030035

05 / 2025

Escape from X-chromosome inactivation at KDM5C is driven by promoter-proximal DNA elements and enhanced by domain context

Samantha Peeters and Sarah E.L. Baldry and Andrea Korecki and Aditi Srinivasan and Wyeth Wasserman and Elizabeth Simpson and Carolyn Brown

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaf049

04 / 2025

Recruitment of chromatin remodelers by XIST B-repeat region is variably dependent on HNRNPK

Human Molecular Genetics

Maria Jose Navarro-Cobos and Carolyn J Brown

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae173

02 / 2025

Out of the Silence: Insights into How Genes Escape X-Chromosome Inactivation

Epigenomes

Samantha B. Peeters and Bronwyn J. Posynick and Carolyn J Brown

DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes7040029

11 / 2023

Derivation of a minimal functional XIST by combining human and mouse interaction domains

Human Molecular Genetics

Maria Jose Navarro-Cobos and Suria Itzel Morales-Guzman and Sarah E L Baldry and Carolyn J Brown

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac285

04 / 2023

Refining the genomic determinants underlying escape from X-chromosome inactivation

NAR Genomics and Bioinformatics

Samantha Peeters and Tiffany Leung and Oriol Fornes and RachelleA Farkas and WyethW Wasserman and CarolynJ Brown

DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqad052

03 / 2023

Multiple distinct domains of human XIST are required to coordinate gene silencing and subsequent heterochromatin formation

Epigenetics & Chromatin

Thomas Dixon-McDougall and Carolyn J. Brown

DOI: 10.1186/s13072-022-00438-7

12 / 2022

Contribution of genetic and epigenetic changes to escape from X-chromosome inactivation

Epigenetics & Chromatin

Bradley P. Balaton and Carolyn J. Brown

DOI: 10.1186/s13072-021-00404-9

12 / 2021

Cross-species examination of X-chromosome inactivation highlights domains of escape from silencing

Epigenetics & Chromatin

Bradley P. Balaton and Oriol Fornes and Wyeth W. Wasserman and Carolyn J. Brown

DOI: 10.1186/s13072-021-00386-8

12 / 2021

Contribution of epigenetic changes to escape from X-chromosome inactivation

Bradley P. Balaton and Carolyn J. Brown

DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.03.433635

03 / 2021

Independent domains for recruitment of PRC1 and PRC2 by human XIST

PLOS Genetics

Thomas Dixon-McDougall and Carolyn J. Brown

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009123

03 / 2021

A cross-cohort analysis of autosomal DNA methylation sex differences in the term placenta

Amy M. Inkster and Victor Yuan and Chaini Konwar and Allison M. Matthews and Carolyn J. Brown and Wendy P. Robinson

DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.08.434471

03 / 2021

Genes that escape from X-chromosome inactivation: Potential contributors to Klinefelter syndrome

American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C: Seminars in Medical Genetics

Maria Jose Navarro-Cobos and Bradley P. Balaton and Carolyn J. Brown

DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31800

06 / 2020

Beyond sequence homology: Cellular biology limits the potential of XIST to act as a miRNA sponge

PLOS ONE

Erin A. Marshall and Greg L. Stewart and Adam P. Sage and Wan L. Lam and Carolyn J. Brown

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221371

08 / 2019

How do genes that escape from X-chromosome inactivation contribute to Turner syndrome?

American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C: Seminars in Medical Genetics

Samantha B. Peeters and Andrea J. Korecki and Sarah E.L. Baldry and Christine Yang and Kira Tosefsky and Bradley P. Balaton and Elizabeth M. Simpson and Carolyn J. Brown

DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31672

03 / 2019

The eXceptional nature of the X chromosome

Human Molecular Genetics

Bradley P Balaton and Thomas Dixon-McDougall and Samantha B Peeters and Carolyn J Brown

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy148

08 / 2018

Human cis-acting elements regulating escape from X-chromosome inactivation function in mouse

Human Molecular Genetics

Samantha B Peeters and Andrea J Korecki and Elizabeth M Simpson and Carolyn J Brown

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy039

02 / 2018

Impact of flanking chromosomal sequences on localization and silencing by the human non-coding RNA XIST

Genome Biology

Angela D. Kelsey and Christine Yang and Danny Leung and Jakub Minks and Thomas Dixon-McDougall and Sarah E.L. Baldry and Aaron B. Bogutz and Louis Lefebvre and Carolyn J. Brown

DOI: 10.1186/s13059-015-0774-2

12 / 2015

Unique somatic and malignant expression patterns implicate PIWI-interacting RNAs in cancer-type specific biology

Scientific Reports

Martinez, Victor D. and Vucic, Emily A. and Thu, Kelsie L. and Hubaux, Roland and Enfield, Katey S. S. and Pikor, Larissa A. and Becker-Santos, Daiana D. and Brown, Carolyn J. and Lam, Stephen and Lam, Wan L.

DOI: 10.1038/srep10423

Landscape of DNA methylation on the X chromosome reflects CpG density, functional chromatin state and X-chromosome inactivation

Human Molecular Genetics

Cotton, Allison M. and Price, E. Magda and Jones, Meaghan J. and Balaton, Bradley P. and Kobor, Michael S. and Brown, Carolyn J.

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu564

Variable escape from X-chromosome inactivation: Identifying factors that tip the scales towards expression

BioEssays

Samantha B. Peeters and Allison M. Cotton and Carolyn J. Brown

DOI: 10.1002/bies.201400032

06 / 2014

Translating dosage compensation to trisomy 21

Jiang, Jun and Jing, Yuanchun and Cost, Gregory J. and Chiang, Jen-Chieh and Kolpa, Heather J. and Cotton, Allison M. and Carone, Dawn M. and Carone, Benjamin R. and Shivak, David A. and Guschin, Dmitry Y. and et al.

DOI: 10.1038/nature12394

DNA Methylation is Globally Disrupted and Associated with Expression Changes in COPD Small Airways

Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol

Vucic, E. A. and Chari, R. and Thu, K. L. and Wilson, I. M. and Cotton, A. M. and Kennett, J. Y. and Zhang, M. and Lonergan, K. M. and Steiling, K. and Brown, C. J. and McWilliams, A. and Ohtani, K. and Lenburg, M. E. and Sin, D. D. and Spira, A. and Macaulay, C. E. and Lam, S. and Lam, W. L.

DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0304OC

Analysis of expressed SNPs identifies variable extents of expression from the human inactive X chromosome

Genome Biol

Cotton, A. M. and Ge, B. and Light, N. and Adoue, V. and Pastinen, T. and Brown, C. J.

DOI: 10.1186/gb-2013-14-11-r122

Spread of X-chromosome inactivation into autosomal sequences: role for DNA elements, chromatin features and chromosomal domains

Hum Mol Genet

Cotton, A. M. and Chen, C. Y. and Lam, L. L. and Wasserman, W. W. and Kobor, M. S. and Brown, C. J.

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt513

EYA4 is inactivated biallelically at a high frequency in sporadic lung cancer and is associated with familial lung cancer risk

Oncogene

Wilson, I. M. and Vucic, E. A. and Enfield, K. S. and Thu, K. L. and Zhang, Y. A. and Chari, R. and Lockwood, W. W. and Radulovich, N. and Starczynowski, D. T. and Banth, J. P. and Zhang, M. and Pusic, A. and Fuller, M. and Lonergan, K. M. and Rowbotham, D. and Yee, J. and English, J. C. and Buys, T. P. and Selamat, S. A. and Laird-Offringa, I. A. and Liu, P. and Anderson, M. and You, M. and Tsao, M. S. and Brown, C. J. and Bennewith, K. L. and Macaulay, C. E. and Karsan, A. and Gazdar, A. F. and Lam, S. and Lam, W. L.

DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.396

XIST-induced silencing of flanking genes is achieved by additive action of repeat a monomers in human somatic cells

Minks, Jakub and Baldry, Sarah EL and Yang, Christine and Cotton, Allison M and Brown, Carolyn J

DOI: 10.1186/1756-8935-6-23

Additional annotation enhances potential for biologically-relevant analysis of the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array

Epigenetics and Chromatin

Price, M.E. and Cotton, A.M. and Lam, L.L. and Farr, P. and Emberly, E. and Brown, C.J. and Robinson, W.P. and Kobor, M.S.

DOI: 10.1186/1756-8935-6-4

Patterns of placental development evaluated by X chromosome inactivation profiling provide a basis to evaluate the origin of epigenetic variation

Human Reproduction

Peaherrera, M.S. and Jiang, R. and Avila, L. and Yuen, R.K.C. and Brown, C.J. and Robinson, W.P.

DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des072

Targeting of >1.5 Mb of human DNA into the mouse X chromosome reveals presence of cis-acting regulators of epigenetic silencing

Genetics

Yang, C. and McLeod, A.J. and Cotton, A.M. and de Leeuw, C.N. and Laprise, S. and Banks, K.G. and Simpson, E.M. and Brown, C.J.

DOI: 10.1534/genetics.112.143743

S100B and neurofibromin immunostaining and X-inactivation patterns of laser-microdissected cells indicate a multicellular origin of some NF1-associated neurofibromas

Journal of Neuroscience Research

Tucker, T. and Riccardi, V.M. and Brown, C. and Fee, J. and Sutcliffe, M. and Vielkind, J. and Wechsler, J. and Wolkenstein, P. and Friedman, J.M.

DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22654

The functional role of long non-coding RNA in human carcinomas

Molecular Cancer

Gibb, E.A. and Brown, C.J. and Lam, W.L.

DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-38

Human cancer long non-coding RNA transcriptomes

PLoS ONE

Gibb, E.A. and Vucic, E.A. and Enfield, K.S.S. and Stewart, G.L. and Lonergan, K.M. and Kennett, J.Y. and Becker-Santos, D.D. and MacAulay, C.E. and Lam, S. and Brown, C.J. and Lam, W.L.

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025915

X-chromosome inactivation: Molecular mechanisms from the human perspective

Human Genetics

Yang, C. and Chapman, A.G. and Kelsey, A.D. and Minks, J. and Cotton, A.M. and Brown, C.J.

DOI: 10.1007/s00439-011-0994-9

Epigenetic impacts on neurodevelopment: Pathophysiological mechanisms and genetic modes of action

Pediatric Research

Zahir, F.R. and Brown, C.J.

DOI: 10.1203/PDR.0b013e318213565e

Chromosome-wide DNA methylation analysis predicts human tissue-specific X inactivation

Human Genetics

Cotton, A.M. and Lam, L. and Affleck, J.G. and Wilson, I.M. and Peaherrera, M.S. and McFadden, D.E. and Kobor, M.S. and Lam, W.L. and Robinson, W.P. and Brown, C.J.

DOI: 10.1007/s00439-011-1007-8

Identification of regulatory elements flanking human XIST reveals species differences

BMC Molecular Biology

Chang, S.C. and Brown, C.J.

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-11-20

Active chromatin marks are retained on X chromosomes lacking gene or repeat silencing despite XIST/Xist expression in somatic cell hybrids

PLoS ONE

Thorogood, N.P. and Brown, C.J.

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010787

Acquired TNFRSF14 mutations in follicular lymphoma are associated with worse prognosis

Cancer Research

Cheung, K.-J.J. and Johnson, N.A. and Affleck, J.G. and Severson, T. and Steidl, C. and Ben-Neriah, S. and Schein, J. and Morin, R.D. and Moore, R. and Shah, S.P. and Qian, H. and Paul, J.E. and Telenius, A. and Relander, T. and Lam, W. and Savage, K. and Connors, J.M. and Brown, C. and Marra, M.A. and Gascoyne, R.D. and Horsman, D.E.

DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-2460

Getting to the center of X-chromosome inactivation: The role of transgenes

Biochemistry and Cell Biology

Minks, J. and Brown, C.J.

DOI: 10.1139/O09-040

Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation

Thu, Kelsie L. and Vucic, Emily A. and Kennett, Jennifer Y. and Heryet, Cameron and Brown, Carolyn J. and Lam, Wan L. and Wilson, Ian M.

DOI: 10.3791/935

Erratum: X chromosome inactivation: Heterogeneity of heterochromatin (Biochem. Cell. Biol (2008) 86 (370-379))

Biochemistry and Cell Biology

Sidhu, S.K. and Minks, J. and Chang, S.C. and Cotton, A.M. and Brown, C.J.

DOI: 10.1139/O08-146

Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

Thu, K.L. and Vucic, E.A. and Kennett, J.Y. and Heryet, C. and Brown, C.J. and Lam, W.L. and Wilson, I.M.

Inactive X chromosome-specific reduction in placental DNA methylation

Human Molecular Genetics

Cotton, A.M. and Avila, L. and Penaherrera, M.S. and Affleck, J.G. and Robinson, W.P. and Brown, C.J.

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp299

Epigenetics of cancer progression

Pharmacogenomics

Vucic, E.A. and Brown, C.J. and Lam, W.L.

DOI: 10.2217/14622416.9.2.215

Correction: BCoR-L1 variation and breast cancer

Breast Cancer Research

Lose, F. and Arnold, J. and Young, D.B. and Brown, C.J. and Mann, G.J. and Pupo, G.M. and Khanna, K.K. and Chenevix-Trench, G. and Spurdle, A.B.

DOI: 10.1186/bcr2153

Prognostic significance of secondary cytogenetic alterations in follicular lymphomas

Genes Chromosomes and Cancer

Johnson, N.A. and Al-Tourah, A. and Brown, C.J. and Connors, J.M. and Gascoyne, R.D. and Horsman, D.E.

DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20606

A skewed view of X chromosome inactivation

Journal of Clinical Investigation

Minks, J. and Robinson, W.P. and Brown, C.J.

DOI: 10.1172/JCI34470

X chromosome inactivation: Heterogeneity of heterochromatin

Biochemistry and Cell Biology

Sidhu, S.K. and Minks, J. and Chang, S.C. and Cotton, A.M. and Brown, C.J.

DOI: 10.1139/O08-100

Comparative Cancer Epigenomics

Davies, Jonathan and Lam, Wan and Lee, Eric and Vucic, Emily and Brown, Carolyn and MacAulay, Calum and Kuo, Alice and Wilson, Ian

DOI: 10.1201/9781420008876.ch14

Inducible XIST-dependent X-chromosome inactivation in human somatic cells is reversible

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Chow, J.C. and Hall, L.L. and Baldry, S.E.L. and Thorogood, N.P. and Lawrence, J.B. and Brown, C.J.

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0610946104

BCoR-L1 variation and breast cancer

Breast Cancer Research

Lose, F. and Arnold, J. and Young, D.B. and Brown, C.J. and Mann, G.J. and Pupo, G.M. and Khanna, K.K. and Chenevix-Trench, G. and Spurdle, A.B.

DOI: 10.1186/bcr1759

A comprehensive analysis of common copy-number variations in the human genome

American Journal of Human Genetics

Wong, K.K. and DeLeeuw, R.J. and Dosanjh, N.S. and Kimm, L.R. and Cheng, Z. and Horsman, D.E. and MacAulay, C. and Ng, R.T. and Brown, C.J. and Eichler, E.E. and Lam, W.L.

DOI: 10.1086/510560

A cross-species comparison of X-chromosome inactivation in Eutheria

Genomics

Yen, Z.C. and Meyer, I.M. and Karalic, S. and Brown, C.J.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2007.07.002

Patchwork women

Brown, Carolyn

DOI: 10.1038/ng0907-1043

Skewed X-chromosome inactivation is associated with primary but not secondary ovarian failure

American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part A

Bretherick, K.L. and Metzger, D.L. and Chanoine, J.-P. and Panagiotopoulos, C. and Watson, S.K. and Lam, W.L. and Fluker, M.R. and Brown, C.J. and Robinson, W.P.

DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31679

Reply to Dr. Robert A. Hegele [2]

American Journal of Human Genetics

Wong, K.K. and DeLeeuw, R.J. and Brown, C.J. and Lam, W.L.

DOI: 10.1086/521416

Mechanisms of X-chromosome inactivation

Frontiers in Bioscience

Chang, S.C. and Tucker, T. and Thorogood, N.P. and Brown, C.J.

DOI: 10.2741/1842

Epigenomics: Mapping the methylome

Cell Cycle

Wilson, I.M. and Davies, J.J. and Weber, M. and Brown, C.J. and Alvarez, C.E. and MacAulay, C. and Schbeler, D. and Lam, W.L.

Silencing of the mammalian X chromosome

Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics

Chow, J.C. and Yen, Z. and Ziesche, S.M. and Brown, C.J.

DOI: 10.1146/annurev.genom.6.080604.162350

Investigations of the genomic region that contains the clf1 mutation, a causal gene in multifactorial cleft lip and palate in mice

Birth Defects Research Part A - Clinical and Molecular Teratology

Juriloff, D.M. and Harris, M.J. and Dewell, S.L. and Brown, C.J. and Mager, D.L. and Gagnier, L. and Mah, D.G.

DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20106

Epigenetic predisposition to expression of TIMP1 from the human inactive X chromosome

BMC Genetics

Anderson, C.L. and Brown, C.J.

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-6-48

The dynamics of X-inactivation skewing as women age

Clinical Genetics

Hatakeyama, C. and Anderson, C.L. and Beever, C.L. and Peaherrera, M.S. and Brown, C.J. and Robinson, W.P.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2004.00310.x

A Unique Patient with an Ullrich-Turner Syndrome Variant and Mosaicism for a Tiny r(X) and a Partial Proximal Duplication 1q

American Journal of Medical Genetics

Dawson, A.J. and Wickstrom, D.E. and Riordan, D. and Cardwell, S. and Casey, R. and Baldry, S. and Brown, C.

Characterization of expression at the human XIST locus in somatic, embryonal carcinoma, and transgenic cell lines

Genomics

Chow, J.C. and Hall, L.L. and Clemson, C.M. and Lawrence, J.B. and Brown, C.J.

DOI: 10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00170-8

Beyond sense: The role of antisense RNA in controlling Xist expression

Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology

Brown, C.J. and Chow, J.C.

DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2003.09.013

Methylation of ZNF261 as an assay for determining X chromosome inactivation patterns [2]

American Journal of Medical Genetics

Beever, C. and Lai, B.P.Y. and Baldry, S.E.L. and Peaherrera, M.S. and Jiang, R. and Robinson, W.P. and Brown, C.J.

Forming facultative heterochromatin: Silencing of an X chromosome in mammalian females

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences

Chow, J.C. and Brown, C.J.

DOI: 10.1007/s00018-003-3121-9

X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) patterns in placental tissues of a paternally derived bal t(X;20) case

American Journal of Medical Genetics

Peaherrera, M.S. and Ma, S. and Ho Yuen, B. and Brown, C.J. and Robinson, W.P.

A stain upon the silence: Genes escaping X inactivation

Trends in Genetics

Brown, C.J. and Greally, J.M.

DOI: 10.1016/S0168-9525(03)00177-X

Skewed X-chromosome inactivation is associated with trisomy in women ascertained on the basis of recurrent spontaneous abortion or chromosomally abnormal pregnancies

American Journal of Human Genetics

Beever, C.L. and Stephenson, M.D. and Peaherrera, M.S. and Jiang, R.H. and Kalousek, D.K. and Hayden, M. and Field, L. and Brown, C.J. and Robinson, W.P.

DOI: 10.1086/346119

Ectopic XIST transcripts in human somatic cells show variable expression and localization

Cytogenetic and Genome Research

Chow, J.C. and Hall, L.L. and Lawrence, J.B. and Brown, C.J.

DOI: 10.1159/000071579

Relationship of XIST expression and responses of ovarian cancer to chemotherapy.

Molecular cancer therapeutics

Huang, K.C. and Rao, P.H. and Lau, C.C. and Heard, E. and Ng, S.K. and Brown, C. and Mok, S.C. and Berkowitz, R.S. and Ng, S.W.

Variability of X chromosome inactivation: Effect on levels of TIMP1 RNA and role of DNA methylation

Human Genetics

Anderson, C.L. and Brown, C.J.

DOI: 10.1007/s00439-002-0676-8

Lack of expression of XIST from a small ring X chromosome containing the XIST locus in a girl with short stature, facial dysmorphism and developmental delay

European Journal of Human Genetics

Tomkins, D.J. and McDonald, H.L. and Farrell, S.A. and Brown, C.J.

DOI: 10.1038/sj/ejhg/5200757

Biology of the X chromosome: Molecular and clinical correlates

Seminars in Reproductive Medicine

Brown, C.J. and Simpson, J.L.

X chromosome-specific cDNA arrays: Identification of genes that escape from X-inactivation and other applications

Human Molecular Genetics

Sudbrak, R. and Wieczorek, G. and Nuber, U.A. and Mann, W. and Kirchner, R. and Erdogan, F. and Brown, C.J. and Whrle, D. and Sterk, P. and Kalscheuer, V.M. and Berger, W. and Lehrach, H. and Ropers, H.-H.

Unravelling the complex genetics of cleft lip in the mouse model

Mammalian Genome

Juriloff, D.M. and Harris, M.J. and Brown, C.J.

DOI: 10.1007/s003350010284

Skewed X inactivation and recurrent spontaneous abortion

Seminars in Reproductive Medicine

Robinson, W.P. and Beever, C. and Brown, C.J. and Stephenson, M.D.

DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-15397

Equality of the sexes: Mammalian dosage compensation

Seminars in Reproductive Medicine

Brown, C.J.

DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-15392

Involvement of the X chromosome in non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Genes Chromosomes and Cancer

McDonald, H.L. and Gascoyne, R.D. and Horsman, D. and Brown, C.J.

Determination of X-chromosome inactivation status using X-linked expressed polymorphisms identified by database searching

Genomics

Kutsche, R. and Brown, C.J.

DOI: 10.1006/geno.2000.6153

The causes and consequences of random and non-random X chromosome inactivation in humans

Clinical Genetics

Brown, C.J. and Robinson, W.P.

DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2000.580504.x

An association between skewed X-chromosome inactivation and abnormal outcome in mosaic trisomy 16 confined predominantly to the placenta

Clinical Genetics

Peaherrera, Ms. and Barrett, I.J. and Brown, C.J. and Langlois, S. and Yong, S.-L. and Lewis, S. and Bruyre, H. and Howard-Peebles, P.N. and Kalousek, D.K. and Robinson, W.P.

DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2000.580603.x

Extremely skewed X-chromosome inactivation is increased in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion [2]

American Journal of Human Genetics

Sangha, K.K. and Stephenson, M.D. and Brown, C.J. and Robinson, W.P.

DOI: 10.1086/302552

Polymorphic X-chromosome inactivation of the human TIMP1 gene

American Journal of Human Genetics

Anderson, C.L. and Brown, C.J.

DOI: 10.1086/302556

Skewed X-chromosome inactivation: Cause or consequence

Journal of the National Cancer Institute

Brown, C.J.

Stabilization and localization of Xist RNA are controlled by separate mechanisms and are not sufficient for X inactivation

Journal of Cell Biology

Clemson, C.M. and Chow, J.C. and Brown, C.J. and Lawrence, J.B.

DOI: 10.1083/jcb.142.1.13

Induction of XIST expression from the human active X chromosome in mouse/human somatic cell hybrids by DNA demethylation

Nucleic Acids Research

Tinker, A.V. and Brown, C.J.

DOI: 10.1093/nar/26.12.2935

Skewed X-chromosome inactivation is common in fetuses or newborns associated with confined placental mosaicism

American Journal of Human Genetics

Lau, A.W. and Brown, C.J. and Peaherrera, M. and Langlois, S. and Kalousek, D.K. and Robinson, W.P.

DOI: 10.1086/301651

Expression of genes from the human active and inactive X chromosomes

American Journal of Human Genetics

Brown, C.J. and Carrel, L. and Willard, H.F.

XIST expression and X-chromosome inactivation in human preimplantation embryos

American Journal of Human Genetics

Brown, C.J. and Robinson, W.P.

Evidence that heteronuclear proteins interact with the XIST RNA in vitro

Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics

Brown, C.J. and Baldry, S.E.L.

DOI: 10.1007/BF02369896

Role of the X chromosome in cancer.

Journal of the National Cancer Institute

Brown, C.J.

Direct detection of non-random X chromosome inactivation by use of a transcribed polymorphism in the XIST gene

European Journal of Human Genetics

Rupert, J.L. and Brown, C.J. and Willard, H.F.

Identification of a PIG-A related processed gene on chromosome 12

Human Genetics

Nagarajan, S. and Brown, C.J. and Medof, M.E.

DOI: 10.1007/BF00209489

The DXS423E gene in Xp11.21 escapes X chromosome inactivation

Human Molecular Genetics

Brown, C.J. and Miller, A.P. and Carrel, L. and Rupert, J.L. and Davies, K.E. and Willard, H.F.

The human X-inactivation centre is not required for maintenance of X- chromosome inactivation

Nature

Brown, C.J. and Willard, H.F.

DOI: 10.1038/368154a0

Small marker X chromosomes lack the X inactivation center: Implications for karyotype/phenotype correlations

American Journal of Human Genetics

Wolff, D.J. and Brown, C.J. and Schwartz, S. and Duncan, A.M.V. and Surti, U. and Willard, H.F.

2.6 Mb YAC contig of the human X inactivation center region in Xq13: Physical linkage of the RPS4X, PHKA1, XIST and DXS128E genes

Human Molecular Genetics

Lafrenire, R.G. and Brown, C.J. and Rider, S. and Chelly, J. and Taillon-Miller, P. and Chinault, A.C. and Monaco, A.P. and Willard, H.F.

Evolutionary conservation of possible functional domains of the human and murine XIST genes

Human Molecular Genetics

Hendrich, B.D. and Brown, C.J. and Willard, H.F.

Mapping of the distal boundary of the X-inactivation center in a rearranged X chromosome from a female expressing XIST

Human Molecular Genetics

Leppig, K.A. and Brown, C.J. and Bressler, S.L. and Gustashaw, K. and Pagon, R.A. and Willard, H.F. and Disteche, C.M.

Molecular and genetic studies of human X chromosome in activation

Advances in Developmental Biology (1992)

Brown, C.J. and Willard, H.F.

Epigenetic and chromosomal control of gene expression: Molecular and genetic analysis of X chromosome inactivation

Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology

Willard, H.F. and Brown, C.J. and Carrel, L. and Hendrich, B. and Miller, A.P.

Characterization of a small supernumerary ring X chromosome by fluorescence in situ hybridization

American Journal of Medical Genetics

Duncan, A.M.V. and Macdonald, A. and Brown, C.J. and Wolff, D. and Willard, H.F. and Sutton, B.

DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320470804

The interleukin-2 receptor chain maps to Xq13.1 and is mutated in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency, SCIDX1

Human Molecular Genetics

Puck, J.M. and Deschenes, S.M. and Porter, J.C. and Dutra, A.S. and Brown, C.J. and Willard, H.F. and Henthorn, P.S.

Molecular and Genetic Studies of Human X Chromosome Inactivation

Brown, Carolyn J. and Willard, Huntington F.

DOI: 10.1016/s1566-3116(08)60026-2

The human XIST gene: Analysis of a 17 kb inactive X-specific RNA that contains conserved repeats and is highly localized within the nucleus

Cell

Brown, C.J. and Hendrich, B.D. and Rupert, J.L. and Lafrenire, R.G. and Xing, Y. and Lawrence, J. and Willard, H.F.

The 56/58 kDa androgen-binding protein in male genital skin fibroblasts with a deleted androgen receptor gene

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

Trifiro, M. and Gottlieb, B. and Pinsky, L. and Kaufman, M. and Prior, L. and Belsham, D.D. and Wrogemann, K. and Brown, C.J. and Willard, H.F. and Trapman, J. and Brinkmann, A.O. and Chang, C. and Liao, S. and Sergovich, F. and Jung, J.

DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(91)90243-L

Localization of the X inactivation centre on the human X chromosome in Xq13

Nature

Brown, C.J. and Lafreniere, R.G. and Powers, V.E. and Sebastio, G. and Ballabio, A. and Pettigrew, A.L. and Ledbetter, D.H. and Levy, E. and Craig, I.W. and Willard, H.F.

DOI: 10.1038/349082a0

A gene deleted in Kallmann's syndrome shares homology with neural cell adhesion and axonal path-finding molecules

Nature

Franco, B. and Guioli, S. and Pragliola, A. and Incerti, B. and Bardoni, B. and Tonlorenzi, R. and Carrozzo, R. and Maestrini, E. and Pieretti, M. and Taillon-Miller, P. and Brown, C.J. and Willard, H.F. and Lawrence, C. and Persico, M.G. and Camerino, G. and Ballabio, A.

DOI: 10.1038/353529a0

Physical mapping of 60DNA markers in the p21.1 q21.3 region of the human X chromosome

Genomics

Lafreniere, R.G. and Brown, C.J. and Powers, V.E. and Carrel, L. and Davies, K.E. and Barker, D. and Willard, H.F.

A gene from the region of the human X inactivation centre is expressed exclusively from the inactive X chromosome

Nature

Brown, C.J. and Ballabio, A. and Rupert, J.L. and Lafreniere, R.G. and Grompe, M. and Tonlorenzi, R. and Willard, H.F.

Localization of a gene that escapes inactivation to the X chromosome proximal short arm: Implications for X inactivation

American Journal of Human Genetics

Brown, C.J. and Willard, H.F.

X chromosome inactivation of the human TIMP gene

Nucleic Acids Research

Brown, C.J. and Flenniken, A.M. and Williams, B.R.G. and Willard, H.F.

Androgen receptor locus on the human X chromosome: Regional localization to Xq11-12 and description of a DNA polymorphism

American Journal of Human Genetics

Brown, C.J. and Goss, S.J. and Lubahn, D.B. and Joseph, D.R. and Wilson, E.M. and French, F.S. and Willard, H.F.

Regional localization of CCG1 gene which complements hamster cell cycle mutation BN462 to Xq11-Xq13

Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics

Brown, C.J. and Sekiguchi, T. and Nishimoto, T. and Willard, H.F.

Gene on short arm of human X chromosome complements murine tsA1S9 DNA synthesis mutation

Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics

Brown, C.J. and Powers, V.E. and Munroe, D.L. and Sheinin, R. and Willard, H.F.

Noninactivation of a selectable human X-linked gene that complements a murine temperature-sensitive cell cycle defect

American Journal of Human Genetics

Brown, C.J. and Willard, H.F.

Genetic mapping of four DNA markers (DXS16, DXS43, DXS85, and DXS143) from the p22 region of the human X chromosome

Human Genetics

Brown, C.J. and Mahtani, M.M. and Willard, H.F.

MspI RFLP detected with chromosome-walk clone pXUT23-SE3.2L from DXS16 in Xp22.1-22.3

Nucleic Acids Research

Brown, C.J. and Willard, H.F.

DOI: 10.1093/nar/15.22.9614

YY1 binding association with sex-biased transcription revealed through X-linked transcript levels and allelic binding analyses.

PubMed: 27857184

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